Art of the renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art of the renaissance - Essay Example I am trying to persuade one of my patrons to support these young men and so it was a fortunate coincidence that allowed me to come and view your works at the same time. I very much enjoyed my visit to that quaint little corner of the city behind the Cathedral of San Marco. It was most interesting to see the new works that Fra Angelico is doing for the monks there and I do believe that they will soon be finished. I don’t expect you will be permitted to view them, my dear, because the monks will hardly be prepared to open their doors to even one so beautiful as you, on the grounds that you are a women and hence forbidden to enter their hallowed rooms. I do assure you, however, that Fra Angelico’s frescoes are magnificent and truly a masterpiece worthy of this fine city of ours. I happened to meet him when I was coming out of the tavern, and he says that there has never been a more glorious time or place for art than our beloved Florence at the present time. When I told hi m that I was coming to see your paintings, he was most intrigued and informed me that he had indeed spied one or two young women carrying easel and paints and setting out their wares for sale at the marketplace alongside the boys. My how times have changed since my youth! I always have fond memories of your innocence and beauty since the days when I used to visit your father so many years ago. Your mama told me that one day you would be married to young Giovanni and live in that beautiful house by the lagoon. It is so very pleasing to see you all grown up and experimenting with art in your spare time now that you have settled down to married life. I expect that you have very little time for painting now, what with all your wifely duties, and so it is all the more fitting that you should have a chance to hang your paintings in public just for once before you have a family. I must say that I found your paintings delightful in their naive and honest depiction of womanly habits. Your ap preciation of the intricacies of female dress gave me a glimpse of the lady’s dressing room, and I am sure no man could have captured the mood of these scenes quite as well as you have managed it. Of course, there are some technical points that you have yet to learn, but I feel that I can excuse some such faults in your composition because you have not had the benefit of formal tuition in the way that my young Florentine apprentices have had. They will one day astonish us all with their brilliance, because they can match the power of the imagination with the skill acquired through long training at the feet of master artists. But you, my dear, have studied your subject well, and your pictures will no doubt be very useful as gifts to your adoring friends and family who will adorn the walls of their private spaces with your little oeuvres. I was particularly impressed with your copies of the work of Michelangelo. I expect that he will one day be revered across the whole of Europ e, because he captures the spirit of our age so perfectly. You would do well to copy his work more in the future, if you have time to continue your hobby, because he will teach you so many wonderful things about space, and proportion and texture – things that you could have learned about if you had been a man. As it

The Underlying Benefits of a College Degree Essay Example for Free

The Underlying Benefits of a College Degree Essay We can all recognize the obvious benefits of obtaining a college degree job opportunities and higher earning potential. But oftentimes we overlook or under appreciate the underlying benefits of earning a college degree. However, if you take a closer look at the hidden benefits, you will likely realize that earning a college degree is not completely about financial enrichment. Earning a degree could potentially boost your self-esteem, allow you to make healthier choices, and create a better quality of life for your children. You know the feeling you get when you finally reach your lifelong goal? Priceless, right? Thats exactly what earning a college degree can do for you. It gives you a sense of accomplishment and self confidence that everyone strives for. Not only that, but you have accomplished something that will always be yours and that you will always be able to fall back on in tough economic times. In addition to the boost of confidence, you will likely be able to make more healthy choices than you would without a degree. Generally, this is due to an increase in income which then leads to an overall greater access to healthy food options and health care. Plus, with higher education comes the desire and ability to make healthier choices such as whether or not to smoke. Finally, the greatest benefit of getting a degree is knowing that your children will have a better quality of life and may even follow in their parents footsteps and choose to further their education as well. Even if your children don’t wish to go to college, they will be more motivated to reach for their goals just as you have. In a sense, you have set the standards for them by achieving your dream of obtaining a college degree. You have given them an example to follow by setting a goal and achieving it. Although financial stability is one of the main reasons people choose to obtain a degree, there are many other benefits. You better yourself through boosted self-esteem and improved decision-making ability, which also enhances the lives of your children.

The Importance of Books in Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury :: essays research papers

One of the themes which happens to be the biggest one is burning books because they conflict with each other and the ideas of society. The firemen don't fight fires, they start them when they find books. Recollections and thoughts, writings and teachings from the greatest minds in history go up in flames because the government doesn't want people to fill their heads with it and develop an individual intelligence. The government is afraid of the books because they stimulate people's minds to think for themselves and away from the main track that the general public was expected to follow. The government covered up the problems of the world that still wore on, like war, and didn't let the people see it or have it affect them. They heard about it and that was all. In general, people's lives became better, but it was of no consequence because they didn't know what it was like to have things not go well and as planned. A candy cane is much sweeter after you think about eating oil. Another reason they burn books is because they don't agree and they aren't real. The government figures that there is no use in people thinking about things that don't exist, especially when each book's ideas conflict. I think that conflicting ideas helps us think for ourselves because we are forced to make decisions. Making a decision is a lot better when you have more food for thought to work with. Also, it would be boring not to have conflicting ideas. So many things that we value and we can be proud of in terms of the accomplishments of the human race went up in flames in the book. Everything from Socrates, Newton, the Bible, Thoreau, Hans Christian Anderson and Shakespeare was wiped out because they didn't go together fluently with

New Privacy Issues Related to Cyberspace Objective Essay

Select three organizations within the same industry for analysis — 1. Students should pick one industry from the displayed list below, and within that single industry, name 3 organizations for analysis. (BANKS-JP Morgan Chase, Citigroup, and Wells Fargo) 2. Describe the mission of each (from their website), and examine and compare details of each stated privacy policy, then 3. For each organization, recommend policy changes that will enable each organization to (a) use sensitive customer information to increase business advantage and profitability, and (b) also protect customer personal information to avoid possible privacy or liability issues. You may need to use trade journals and newspaper stories in your reference list. However, try to avoid opinion pieces (like blogs) that may not be factual. You may state your own opinions, but these must be strengthened by scholarly references. Table of Contents: 1. Introduction 2. Industries missions and privacy policies a. JP Morgan Chase b. Citigroup c. Wells Fargo 3. Recommended policy changes to increase business advantage and profitability a. Also include the good aspects of current policy that increases business advantages and profitability 4. Recommended policy changes to protect customer personal information to avoid possible privacy or liability issues a. Also include the good aspects of the policy that protect the customers information 5. Conclusion: JP Morgan Chase Mission Statement: JPMorgan Chase & Co. is a leading global financial services firm and one of  the largest banking institution in the United States, with operations worldwide. JPMorgan Chase conducts operations in more than 60 countries and has assets amounting to over $2trillion and its corporate headquarters are located in New York City. Their mission statement is as follows: At JPMorgan Chase, we believe that being profitable and doing good works for the people and the world around us aren’t exclusive of each other; they’re integrated goals. When our business is strong and well governed, we’re in a better position to translate positive financial results into sustainable community and environmental efforts that benefit everyone.

Financing and Structuring Health Care

Health of a person is very vital. All people would do anything to maintain a good health. This explains the reason why people invest in health insurance. Basically the health insurances in the U. S. takes three forms are three. They include; Health Maintenance Organizations, Point-of-Service plans and Preferred Provider Organizations (Health insurance Overview, 2009). The Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) can be described as prepaid health policies.The holders of these policies are required to pay fixed premiums each month which covers the holder together with his or her family by offering physicians visit, emergency care and laboratory checks along with other therapeutic services. It entails a wide infirmary exposure, has a huge association of pharmaceutical stores. HMOs involve contractual agreement between the covered parties through doctors to access treatment services. It is not mandatory that one pays co-insurable. The only payment required is a small co-payment every tim e you visit the healthcare center.An example is $10 physician’s appointment fee and $25 emergency section cure fee. Any of the mentioned services in the contract does not require the procedures of filling forms. All that is required to access any service in the hospital is a HMO card. The insurance policy offers preventive measures like immunizations, mammograms, check ups and so on. The only disadvantage it has is the long bureaucratic procedures before accessing the service (Health insurance Overview, 2009). Point-Of-Service plans (POS) calls for the holder to identify personal doctor from an association of sources.The holder can outsource from the association but in such a case the benefits will be reduced. Selecting a personal doctor of Personal Care Physician from the network saves the company some money. The third type of health insurance is the Preferred Provider organization (PPOs). It is a blend of Health Maintenance Organizations and Fee-for service. They resemble H MO on the limitation of health centers and doctors choice in the approved list. The figure must fall within the agreed range. For your bills to be paid all you need is to hand in your card. It is mandatory to pay co-insurance as well as selecting a personal doctor.A vast majority of them offer preventive care services such as immunizations, doctor appointments besides mammograms. In case you consult a doctor outside the plan, one has to fill a form and the coverage is partial leaving the lager portion on you. The filling of forms involves only the cases that were handled by doctors outside the plan (Health insurance Overview, 2009). 2. Describe the three methods for categorizing health insurance in the U. S. One of the major methods of categorizing health insurance is through the Indemnity plans or reimbursement plans.In this category the plan compensates the health expenses no matter the provider used. Though there are restrictions on the amount to be compensated, they do vary with the type of policy. To settle on the amount to be compensated, three common methods are used in the Indemnity plan. These include Indemnity, repayment of definite charges and repayment of a certain percentage of genuine charges. Another method is through the Managed Care Plan. Unlike the indemnity plan, this involves the three major kinds of managed care plans mentioned earlier.These are Health-Maintenance-Organization, Preferred-Provider-Organization and Point-Of-Service Plans. All of the above mentioned plans involve an agreement amid the insurer and a wellbeing provider’s network. Economic incentives are given to the insured to persuade them utilize the networks of providers who are selected in a formal process. 3. Identify the three types of managed care plans and give the pros and cons of each for the health care provider, insurer, and patient. Managed care plan is a wellbeing liberation scheme that combine the economic and deliverance of health-care.It is applicable to different kinds of health-care insurance policies. The majority widespread managed care plans are; Preferred-Provider-Organizations, Health-Maintenance-Organizations and Point-of-Service plans. PPOs try to settle the therapeutic costs by involving provider networks that contract at low reimbursement charges. They are required to have utilization analysis among other necessities. Clients have the freedom to choose the medical provider they wish to but incur extra cost if their choice falls outside the network. HMOs encompass provider network and PCP as caretakers.PCP handles the hospital admission of the client as well as appointments with medical practitioners. Some though use open policy that allows the client the choice of a personal doctor in the provider network without a recommendation. A vast majority of HMOs use the compensation to persuade providers economize on the cost. The policies may involve contractual agreements between doctors within the society or from the provider networks. The last but not least is the POS that provides members the chance to opt providers beyond the network. Clients who choose providers within the HMO network incur reduced cost that those with external providers.The policy may also give a chance to provide a PCP to handle the intra-network examinations but with no recommendation for the exterior services. 4. Describe the impact of managed care on both the Medicare and Medicaid programs. The 2003 Medicare Modernization Act initiated a most important revolution to hold and transform personal health plans. It is very important that managers should consider the reason behind these routes because the programs have deviated and evaluate forecast for accomplishment in the Medicare Advantage commencement.The wavering that face the Medicare managed care promotion designated a large discrepancy amid the relative harmony of controlled Medicaid programs within a similar period of time. The two managed care were discovered about two dec ades ago to improve the declining public programs. Since their initial implementation, there has been significant improvement in the field of interest. References Health Insurance Overview. (2009) Types of Health Insurance. Retrieved July 24, 2010,from http://www. healthinsuranceoverview. com/types-of-health- insurance. html

3 Types of Erroneous Use of Dashes

3 Types of Erroneous Use of Dashes 3 Types of Erroneous Use of Dashes 3 Types of Erroneous Use of Dashes By Mark Nichol Dashes, like semicolons, are basically commas with superpowers. However, while semicolons take the place of commas to set off independent clauses or separate a series of list items in which at least one item itself consists of a list, a single dash denotes an abrupt break in syntax, and a pair of dashes signal a parenthetical phrase that is more emphatic than one bracketed by commas (or parentheses). In the following examples, though, dashes are misused. Discussion after each sentence describes the problem, and a revision illustrates a solution. 1. Everybody thinks their job title should be capitalized- and why not- it’s about them. In this sentence, the writer has conflated the two functions of a dash. What follows capitalized is an emphatically delivered opinion about the previous assertion, and the first dash is correct, but then the writer seeks to repeat the effect by setting off â€Å"it’s about them.† However, the result is that â€Å"and why not† mistakenly appears to be a parenthetical phrase. For this reason, single dashes cannot be used consecutively, even at a greater remove, so the second emphatic phrase must be distinguished in another way: â€Å"Everybody thinks their job title should be capitalized- and why not? It’s about them.† 2. Changing channels on the radio while driving- even adjusting your vehicle’s climate controls are distracting activities. Here, the opposite error is committed. The writer apparently intended to sequester a parenthetical phrase from the main clause but neglected to provide a complementary second dash: â€Å"Changing channels on the radio while driving- and even adjusting your vehicle’s climate controls- are distracting activities.† 3. Combined with a focus on disruptive innovations like artificial intelligence, telehealth, and virtual care- an abundance of new data is becoming available to healthcare providers. Here, the flaw is that the dash is inserted in place of a comma to suggest a syntactical swerve, but the syntax itself does not take off in a new direction, and a quotidian comma is appropriate: â€Å"Combined with a focus on disruptive innovations like artificial intelligence, telehealth, and virtual care, an abundance of new data is becoming available to healthcare providers.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Cost-Effective vs. Cost-EfficientWhen to Form a Plural with an ApostropheHow often is "bimonthly"?

Summary For The Myths of American Exceptionalism Essay Example

Summary For The Myths of American Exceptionalism Essay Example Summary For The Myths of American Exceptionalism Paper Summary For The Myths of American Exceptionalism Paper The author begins with famous quote lines as a clear example of American exceptionalness and the idealistic descriptions of the united States, especially over the last two centuries. As the author notes how American exceptionalness is similar to other nations that claimed exceptionalness as well. He clears out there are no differences between them when it comes to their self-assertion conduct, many which resulted in a righteous attitude that leads them to think they are positive role models to the world. A believe that makes the Americans with their privileges and unique qualities to think they are superior than others, when In fact they are no less different. In the first myth, many examples laid on surface of the superior belief, starting from the British than the French, than ending with Portugal and the Soviet Union. They all rewarded their virtues and qualities with uniqueness, it is the same belief that made Americans point out their exceptionalness. They are a reflection of the past great powers that did the same, which makes it a common thing more than special, to point out what you believe is exceptional. Tied States places their virtues and morals forward to the world, giving a clear righteous image of them, especially as a country that claims to know more right than wrong. Conducting more claims that America has a respectful behavior, far better than other countries or nations, but the high statistics of civilians death caused by the United States, and the many wars that h ad been involved with over the years, which resulted in more damage, only to conclude that the united States are far from perfect when It comes to behavior. In myth 3, The united States magnifies their special genius to the world, t is undeniable their great many success over the years, and the position it earned due to its capability to being creative, Which also again led America to think their exceptional for that special genius, But that genius was not the only factor that helped America gain its global position, Its also due to the fact that America had many fortune opportunities and natural resources, that all contributed to Americas success as well. As much as the united States would like to believe of their positive global position In the world, but In reality It contradicts many false political actions that America had made. The forth myth clears how blinded Americans are to those actions. One giving statement or speech from the government washes the reality off the minds of many Americans. So whatever knowledge or ideals they think they have about America will usually end up being false, And the constant Justifications of those false actions and weak spots of America, Keeps some of those Americans blind from the truth, and that truth Is America Is not responsible for most of the good In the world, That exact truth had been proven when united States invaded Iraq, and The US troops who expected greetings, got more than what they expected. The last myth the author analysis the delusional divine plan for America, and how their destiny is affected by god with a given mission. An over confident country is the only one that will go In such ways of thinking divinity, and with such confidence it Is dangerous. America might presume those beliefs to think no deceivers or mistakes can fall Into Americas Lovely Nilsson, Leaving America to De no Deterrent Trot toner great powers that claimed virtuousness and divinity. Finally the author gives Americans a chance to view the whole American Exceptionalness with much more open eyes.

University of Minnesota Duluth UMD Admissions Data

University of Minnesota Duluth UMD Admissions Data Are you exploring what it takes to be admitted to the University of Minnesota Duluth? Learn more about this schools admissions requirements. You can calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. About the University of Minnesota Duluth (UMD) The University of Minnesota Duluth is one of the five main campuses in the University of Minnesota System. Duluth is Minnesotas fourth largest city, located on the northwestern shore of Lake Superior. Founded in 1895 as the Normal School at Duluth, the university now offers 74 undergraduate degree programs on its 244-acre campus. Professional fields such as business, communications, and criminology are extremely popular. The university has a 20 to 1 student/faculty ratio. In athletics, the UMD Bulldogs compete in the NCAA Division II Northern Sun Intercollegiate Conference and the Division I Western Collegiate Hockey Association. Admissions Data (2016) UMD, University of Minnesota Duluth Acceptance Rate: 77Â  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for UM-Duluth AdmissionsTest Scores: 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 460 / 600SAT Math: 510 / 610SAT Writing: - Â  / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 22 / 26ACT English: 20 / 26ACT Math: 22 / 27ACT Writing: - / -What these ACT numbers mean Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 11,018Â  (9,967 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 54Â  percent Male / 46 percent Female88 percent Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $13,139 (in-state); $17,485 (out-of-state)Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $7,460Other Expenses: $2,304Total Cost: $24,103 (in-state); $28,449 (out-of-state) University of Minnesota Duluth Financial Aid (2015-16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 88Â  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 67 percentLoans: 66Â  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $7,498Loans: $7,753 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors: Accounting, Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Criminology, Finance, Marketing, Psychology What major is right for you? Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Retention and Graduation Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 78Â  percentTransfer Out Rate: 30 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 35 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 59Â  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports: Track and Field, Football, Ice Hockey, Basketball, BaseballWomens Sports: Ice Hockey, Soccer, Tennis, Track and Field, Volleyball, Softball If You Like University of Minnesota Duluth, You May Also Like These Schools St. Cloud State UniversityUM Twin CitiesWinona State UniversityMinnesota State MankatoUniversity of St. ThomasUniversity of Wisconsin MadisonUM CrookstonSouthwest Minnesota State UniversityBemidji State UniversitySt. Olaf College More Minnesota Colleges - Information and Admissions Data Augsburg | Bethel | Carleton | Concordia College Moorhead | Concordia University Saint Paul | Crown | Gustavus Adolphus | Hamline | Macalester | Minnesota State Mankato | North Central | Northwestern College | Saint Benedict | St. Catherine | Saint Johns | Saint Marys | St. Olaf | St. Scholastica | St. Thomas | UM Crookston | UM Duluth | UM Morris | UM Twin Cities | Winona State University of Minnesota Duluth Mission Statement complete mission statement can be found at d.umn.edu/about/mission.html UMD serves northern Minnesota, the state, and the nation as a medium-sized comprehensive university dedicated to excellence in all of its programs and operations. As a university community in which knowledge is sought as well as taught, its faculty recognizes the importance of scholarship and service, the intrinsic value of research, and the significance of a primary commitment to quality instruction. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Marketing Management - Essay Example Therefore, more and more companies today resort to differentiated marketing through highly focused segmentation and targeting strategies. Product categories ranging from Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG’s) to Luxury vehicles or Holiday packages to Hospital services are all using differentiation tactics to market their products and services to the desired market segments. Various levels of market segmentation can be observed from Mass marketing to Segment marketing, Niche marketing and Micro marketing. Mass marketing represents no segmentation in one end of the spectrum while micro marketing involves complete segmentation. For segmentation to be effective, the market segments should be Measurable, Accessible, Substantial, Differentiable and Actionable (Armstrong & Kotler 2000). Segmenting can be done on the basis of geographic, demographic, psychographic or behavioral factors. The effectiveness of the product’s marketing mix depends upon whether it conveys the desired message to the consumer and whether it finally prompts the potential consumer to become a customer. When the marketing mix is combined in a such as way to project the correct image in the mind of the consumer and offer a right price as well as be accessible to customer depending upon his lifestyle, the effectiveness will increase. For example, being a collage student, the income levels are low and thus price factor should be average.

English Literature and History Learning journal. Subjects of Queen Essay

English Literature and History Learning journal. Subjects of Queen Elizabeth - Essay Example Her 45 year rule is considered as the ‘golden era’ of England (Crown, 2009). The Queen was proficient and had the huge political foresight. Her selfless attitude towards her kingdom is depicted through her decision of not getting married. As getting married to a foreign king would make England vulnerable to the foreign policies and would easily be drawn into the political turmoil. The Elizabethan era was the one of the most promising period of England’s history. The phase was noted to be filled with both knowledge and prosperity of the kingdom. The Queen was one of the best rulers of her times and reflected huge amount of care for subjects. Even though she was not very widely accepted by her subjects who considered her a protestant, the kindness that Elizabeth I portrayed for her subjects during her reign of almost a half century was irreplaceable and commendable. Furthermore, Elizabeth I handled the situation of financial turmoil and religious conflicts that her predecessor has left very tactfully (Stump & Felch, 2009). With this concern the essay presents the rich understanding on the historical portrayal of Queen Elizabeth I. Furthermore, the essay provides considerable insights about different aspects of the society during her reign. Queen Elizabeth I was one of the most knowledgeable and sound queens among her siblings. The Queen was fluent in six languages and had a huge urge of learning. Elizabeth I faced massive uncertain situations during the early years of her life. She was secluded from her family and had spent her life in her half brothers home. This seclusion from the normal life could not make her distressed and she devoted her initial years of life and adulthood in nurturing the different literatures (Guy, 1995). These initial years of upbringing has influenced her ruling periods to a greater extent. The initial phase of her life and during her adolescence, the Queen portrayed a selfless character and hugely depicted her

Identity Theft Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Identity Theft - Research Paper Example As it is, people whose identity are compromised and have been assumed by another can suffer tremendous loses. Once the important information of a certain person is exposed to unscrupulous persons, such information can be used against that person. If the financial information of a certain person is compromised and the identity theft gain access to the person’s bank accounts, credit cards and others, the theft may be able to easily steal the money of that person (Abagnale, 2007). Aside from taking money from their victims, some identity thieves may use the signature or the accounts of their victim to commit crimes either online or offline (Cullen, 2007). A good example of this is when an identity theft uses the signature of another person to perpetuate fraudulent transactions either online or offline. By use the identity of the victim, the identity thief may be able to get away with the crime and his or her victim gets into trouble with the authorities. II. How Identity Theft Ca n be Committed Over the years, techno savvy thieves have developed a number of ways to steal important information by breaking into the information security system of companies and individuals. ... tity thief’s operation depends on the kind of strategies and mechanisms that he or she employs to get the necessary information to usurp the identity of another. In recent years, social engineering have become one of the most potent tools used by identity thieves to gain access to buildings, databases and computer systems across the country (Hadnagy, 2010). In this era of social networking when millions of people meet online to make friends or transact business, social engineering becomes one of the easiest methods of defrauding unsuspecting internet users. How does an identity theft make use of social networks to defraud his or her victims? Social engineering employs human psychology so instead of using software and programs to attack the database or the security system of a certain company or individual, the identity theft target the people who have access to the database or the security system (Hadnagy, 2010). The common strategy here is to study the work patterns of the ta rget individual or group of individuals and find strategies to trick these people into divulging passwords and access codes to their system. Social networking sites are often used by these people to befriend their targets and learn whatever they can from these people through trickery and guile. In a sense, social engineering is like stalking a prey and punching when the prey is at its most vulnerable moment. As it is, this method of retrieving information from human sources is a long process so it may take days, weeks or even months before the identity thief actually gets the information that he or she needs. Given this situation most of those people who employ this strategy to gain access to database may need to invest a lot of time on their targets (Hadnagy, 2010; Wilhelm, 2010). Note that

Describe and discuss the diverse ways in which the development of Essay

Describe and discuss the diverse ways in which the development of second generation sequencing technologies has extended the fie - Essay Example On the same note, the four components related to barcoding include specimens, laboratory analysis, database and data analysis (CBOL Plant Working Group 2009, p.12794). Since early 90s, DNA sequencing has involved the use of capillary-based and semi-automated techniques related to Sanger biochemistry. The process of DNA sequencing then involved two approaches that include shotgun sequencing and PCR amplification. Shotgun sequencing involves a process of cloning DNA that through a random fragmentation and transformed into high-copy-number plasmid that is used for changing Escherichia coli. PCR amplification, on the other hand involves a process of targeted resequencing where primers are used to flank the target. Following three decades of improvements, the Sanger biochemistry, is now applied to obtain read lengths that average 1000 bp and accuracies in regard to per base raw that average 99.999%(Hutchison 2007, pp.6227-6237). However, the introduction of second generation sequencing te chniques continues to expand the field of DNA barcoding beyond the Sanger sequencing technique. The second-generation technologies have contributed to alternative DNA barcoding strategies and can be grouped in a number of categories. This includes sequencing using hybridization, cyclic-array sequencing, microelectrophoretic techniques and observation of single molecules in real-time (Healy 2007; Shendure 2005; Soni & Meller 2007). Second generation technologies as used in the field of barcoding implies to the different types of sequencing that have been introduced recently, in a commercial product and includes 454 sequencing, Solexa technology, Heliscope technology of single molecule sequencer, the Polonator and the SoLiD platform. These products have improved the diversity of sequencing, and have helped in the application of alternative protocols for purposes of generating jumping libraries related to mate-paired tags that contain controlled distance distributions. Further, these n ew technologies through various approaches, permits the production of amplicons that are clonally clustered, and acts as sequencing features. A common feature among the second-generation technologies in DNA barcoding is that, PCR amplicons emanating from various single library molecules can be spatially clustered on a single site within a planar substrate or on micron-scale bead’s surface. The sequencing process has further improved because of the introduction of alternating cycles related to enzymes-based biochemistry and data acquisition that is based on imaging (Mitra et al. 2003, pp. 55-62). In essence, the benefits of the second-generation technologies in comparison to the Sanger technique in diversifying DNA barcoding includes, the introduction of in vitro construction related to sequencing library. This is followed by cloning amplifications that produce sequencing features and circumvent numerous bottlenecks considered affecting parallelism related to sequencing consid ered as conventional. Second generation technologies compared to Sanger sequencing, have an advantage in terms of introducing array-based sequencing. Because of the existence of an array-based sequencing, the process of DNA barcoding is able to realize a considerable degree of parallelism compared to capillary-based sequencing.

Write an essay about what your chosen poem says about poetry. 'The

Write an about what your chosen poem says about poetry. 'The Thought fox' - Essay Example Hughes uses the fox as a symbol of his poetry. It is his muse. This effective metaphor shows that the poet’s creative inspiration is as full of warm-blooded life and movement as an animal. In the still night, the clock ticks and the poet’s fingers pass over the blank sheet of paper. But Hughes dismisses these unimportant movements and draws the reader’s attention to the fact that â€Å"Something else is alive† (2). That â€Å"something else† is Hughes’ idea which throbs with life. It first stirs in his mind as a formless being, and then tentatively takes shape and tests the ground: the fox â€Å"And again now, and now, and now / Sets neat prints into the snow† (Hughes, 12/13). The lame, cautious shadow gains confidence and boldly takes concrete shape: ideas finds expression and take on the solid form of words as they emerge from the poet’s mind. The poet’s mind is compared to a forest. This is a particularly graphic symbol, as a forest is a fertile ground, dense with undergrowth, rich in nutrients, which is conducive to the birth of new life. The metaphorical forest of the poet’s mind lies in darkness. Every part it - twig, leaf, hollow, trees and clearings – is covered by â€Å"the dark snow† (Hughes, 9). This suggests that, underneath the blanket of snow, there are seeds holding the germ of ideas waiting to burst open with life. As the fox, Hughes’ muse, emerges from the forest of his imagination, its eye is described as â€Å"A widening deepening greenness† (Hughes, 18). The green color summons an image of dark winter trees bursting into the green buds of spring. The birth of new ideas in the poet’s mind comes with effort, just as new growth has to push its way out of the winter soil. The effort of creation is symbolized by the setting of the poem. The poet is seated in the dark. A blank sheet of paper lies before him. His only companion is the ticking clock. The poet’s

Skyfrance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Skyfrance - Essay Example As people we are habituated to perform a certain function, with change this habit of repeating a similar task is breached. When change is enforced upon people they feel helpless about not being able to alter the happenings and thereby react in a negative manner to the change. The role of Jane and all staff at Skyfrance should be to support the employees and help them adapt to the change by accepting the change. It should be realized that the change should not be simply enforced on someone instead a feeling of motivation to decide on the changing circumstances should be instigated by the management. Firstly, the Kubler Ross transition cycle. It describes 5 stages of receiving catastrophic news. These 5 stages are denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. The reaction of the staff can be better understood by this model. The staff is perhaps still in the initial stage of denial or anger, where they feel that the changes taking place are not really going to take place. They may feel that if they do not serve the customers the change will not take place. It should thereby be communicated that the change will be initiated whatever the condition may be. They could perhaps also be feeling a sense of anger as they may feel challenged by the change and their possible role in the new structure of the company. Also Jane should ensure that people are informed that such feelings are normal and acceptable during a change process. The ADKAR model for individual change management describes 5 blocks for successful change management. These are awareness (why change is required), desire (to support in change), knowledge (of how to change), ability (to implement new skills and behavior) and reinforcement (to sustain the change). Perhaps the staff is still not aware of why the change is required and thereby may feel threatened by the change. The company should thereby provide the

Write an essay about what your chosen poem says about poetry. 'The

Write an about what your chosen poem says about poetry. 'The Thought fox' - Essay Example Hughes uses the fox as a symbol of his poetry. It is his muse. This effective metaphor shows that the poet’s creative inspiration is as full of warm-blooded life and movement as an animal. In the still night, the clock ticks and the poet’s fingers pass over the blank sheet of paper. But Hughes dismisses these unimportant movements and draws the reader’s attention to the fact that â€Å"Something else is alive† (2). That â€Å"something else† is Hughes’ idea which throbs with life. It first stirs in his mind as a formless being, and then tentatively takes shape and tests the ground: the fox â€Å"And again now, and now, and now / Sets neat prints into the snow† (Hughes, 12/13). The lame, cautious shadow gains confidence and boldly takes concrete shape: ideas finds expression and take on the solid form of words as they emerge from the poet’s mind. The poet’s mind is compared to a forest. This is a particularly graphic symbol, as a forest is a fertile ground, dense with undergrowth, rich in nutrients, which is conducive to the birth of new life. The metaphorical forest of the poet’s mind lies in darkness. Every part it - twig, leaf, hollow, trees and clearings – is covered by â€Å"the dark snow† (Hughes, 9). This suggests that, underneath the blanket of snow, there are seeds holding the germ of ideas waiting to burst open with life. As the fox, Hughes’ muse, emerges from the forest of his imagination, its eye is described as â€Å"A widening deepening greenness† (Hughes, 18). The green color summons an image of dark winter trees bursting into the green buds of spring. The birth of new ideas in the poet’s mind comes with effort, just as new growth has to push its way out of the winter soil. The effort of creation is symbolized by the setting of the poem. The poet is seated in the dark. A blank sheet of paper lies before him. His only companion is the ticking clock. The poet’s

The difference between liberalism and socialism Essay

The difference between liberalism and socialism - Essay Example Nevertheless, wealth is shared in accordance with the individual’s contribution in the creation of that wealth (Wallerstein 73). This implies that those who involved a lot in the creation of the wealth get more share than those who does not contribute much in the creation of wealth. Socialist ideology also discourages the formation of classes or groups since it does not support competition among individuals (Wallerstein 74). To socialists, everybody in the society is considered equal, meaning that no one is considered superior to others. It is also noted that, in a socialist government, all resources are collectively owned by the people who also determine how the resources are to be utilized for the development of the society. Socialists also believe in equality and, therefore, discourage accumulation of capital in the hands of a few according to Wallerstein (73). China is a good example of a socialist state, which has also practiced the liberal system of government. Germany a nd the U.K. are another classical example of a country that have practiced both socialism and liberalism (Wallerstein 76). Liberalism is a political ideology which believes in the freedom of people in the society (Wallerstein 74). This implies that it is opposed to any restrictions on people in the society. According to liberalists, the state has the power to control all industries with the aim of eliminating malpractices. However, unlike in a socialist system that discourages private ownership of property, liberalists encourage private ownership of property (Wallerstein 75). The liberalist economic system, like a socialist system, is also structured in a manner the ensures fair distribution of national resources to every individual in the society as noted by Wallerstein (75). However, in a liberalist system, the activities of private welfare is regulated by the government or laws aimed at barring them from exploiting their

Science Neutralizing Lakes Essay Example for Free

Science Neutralizing Lakes Essay Part 1 – Design a strategy for neutralizing Fish Lake What do I know? (What do I remember about the neutralization reaction) Neutralization is when an acid and base are mixed together to me an ionic compound or which are 7 on the pH scale or pure water, it is also when a base and acid are mixed to make it in a neutral state. What am I wondering? (What are your rough ideas to fix an acidified lake?) I will be finding a base that will work the most effective way, also I will find a base that can fix a large amount of acidified lake water with a base that can neutralize it with less then the acidified lake water, I will also look for a base that can make sulfuric acid neutral As a class we got options to what we will conduct this experiment with the base I choose is Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and for the indicator to show that this will make it neutral is the Universal Indictor I choose that indicator because it has a wide color spectrum when being neutralized. Predictions How much base do you think do you think it will take to neutralize 5mL of acidified lake water? Why? I believe that it will take a little less then 5mL to neutralize it because it will rapidly dissolve and neutralize it. I also know because sodium hydroxide is very responsive once added it will take effect. Balanced Chemical Formula for Sodium hydroxide and Sulfuric Acid (Acidic Lake water) NaOH + H2SO4 - NaHSO4 + H2O How will you know when you have added the correct amount of base and why? I will be using the universal indicator when first added it will first be red, orange, and yellow thus meaning it’s an acid. I will know when it’s fully neutralized when it turns green, blue, and violet. I choose this indicator because it has a wide spectrum of colors, which can help me indicate if I have added the right amount of base. Experimental Set-up and procedure 1. First get all safety equipment needed (safety goggles, and glasses) 2. Receive a test tube 3. Add about 10 drops of acidified lake water to the test tube (10 drops = 5mL) 4. Receive your Indictor (universal indictor) 5. Add about 2 drops of the universal indictor to the acidified lake water 6. Acidified lake water turned orange which meant it was a acid 7. Then I received sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8. I filled a dropper with NaOH 9. I dropped NaOH into the acidified lake water I seen drastic changes right away with the indictor it started to change right away 10. I added NaOH to the acidified lake water until the indictor turned into a color which was recognized as a base or neutral 11. It took about 9 drops which is less then 5mL to fully neutralize the acid in the water 12. I then recorded all my data to a piece of paper to keep for future references 13. At the end of this experiment I also conducted a next one all the previous steps above were followed but the base was changed to get a comparison 14. To complete my second experiment I used calcium carbonate (CaCo3) 15. I followed previous steps above 16. I added calcium carbonate (CaCo3) to the acidified lake water 17. It took about 15 – 20 drops of (Caco3) to neutralize the acid from the water 18. At the end of these experiments all equipment that I used was cleaned up and stored away to its proper location Record Lake water Acid | Indicator | Base | Observations| What volume of acidic lake water did you neutralize ?I used 10 drops of acidic lake water which is = to 5mL.| What indictor did you choose?Universal indicator I choose that because there is a wide color spectrum so you will see the neutralization when it’s happening.| What base did you choose?I choose sodium hydroxide because it can get the job done and rapidly neutralize acidic water. | How much base was needed to neutralize the acid? What else did you observe?It took about 9 drops of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) which is less then 5mL, I also noticed when adding NaOH the water started to neutralize right away you were able to see the indictor turning purple due to the fact that it was turning into a base.| Reflect Make conclusion by referring to your predictions from step 1. Did your data support these predictions? Why or why not? If not how has your thinking changed? My predictions were correct, my data did support these predictions I say that because when I conducted this experiment I did in fact use less then 5mL I used 9 drops of sodium hydroxide, which is about 4.8 mL. when I conducted this experiment I did have a worry it might be over 5mL because I was not sure my research prior to this lab. I also did know I added the right amount of indicator because when conducting this lab/experiment the indictor turned fully purple thus meaning it was neutralized. When using the universal indicator it has a wide color spectrum, which means it has different colors. When it’s an acid the color will be red, orange, and yellow. When it’s a base it will be green, blue, and violet. MSDS I kept this in mind when using these chemicals in this experiment In large amounts of NaOH is very harmful to human health also other life, I did keep that in mind but I did further research, when I did my research it did state when adding small amounts gradually it will dissolve with out a problem when adding large amounts will cause a problem to wild life and also human life. Small amounts will dissolve over time then add in more once dissolved. Suggest one way in which you could improve your experimental procedure. One way I could of improved in this experimental procedure is to get different bases to get a different observation, which will be a better base. It will be more effective because we have a wider range of bases, which could lead to better solutions.

XM Satellite Radio: An Innovation Beyond AM and FM Radio Essay

XM Satellite Radio: An Innovation Beyond AM and FM Radio How much do you enjoy drinking a nice cold beverage, reclining in your most comfy chair, while listening to your favorite radio station? Music is a very important part of the average person's daily life. We wake up to music set on our alarm clocks, sing to music in the shower, listen to music while driving to work, and enjoy it throughout the rest of our day. Well sit back and get ready to experience Radio to the Power of X. We're talking about the new XM satellite radio. This is a brand new radio system that will sweep across America finding its way replacing your old radio service. The articles below will provide you with a closer look at the new XM satellite radio. We talk about the history, basics, and future of this amazing new service. We also give you a closer look at examining the positives and negatives of the XM satellite radio over your regular radio service. So, don't waste any time with static, distortion, and limited channels on your radio service. Take a deeper look at the XM satellite radio and find out for yourself, this is the radio wave of the future! The History XM Satellite Radio After nearly a decade of buildup and anticipation satellite radio has finally hit the airwaves. Satellite radio has been an emerging technology in the making for many years now. In 1992, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) assigned part of the S-band (2.3 GHz) spectrum for nationwide broadcasting of a satellite-based Digital Audio Radio Service (DARS). In 1997, the FCC granted American Mobile Radio (now XM Satellite Radio) and CD Radio (now Sirius Satellite Radio) broadcast rights over... ..., March). Satellite 2002 Executive of the Year. Via Satellite 26-32. Morris, R. (2003, April 3). XM discussion [Article posted on Web Site XMFan]. Retrieved March 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmfan.com/viewforum.php?f=2 XM Satellite Radio. (2001). History [Article posted on Web Site XMradio]. Retrieved April 2, 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmradio.com/corporate_info/history_main.jsp XM Satellite Radio.(2001). How it works: Introduction [Article posted on Web Site XMradio]. Retrieved February 1, 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.xmradio.com/how_it_works/introduction.html XM Satellite Radio Stock Report. (2003, February) XM Satellite Radio Business Profile [Article posted on Web Site YahooFinance]. Retrieved February 2003, from the World Wide Web: http://www.biz.yahoo.com/e/011206/xmsr.com

Struggles for Equality under the AIAW/NCAA Merger :: Women Athelets Sports

Struggles for Equality under the AIAW/NCAA Merger In any movement by a marginalized social group to gain equal rights and recognition, there are always several factions with differing opinions of the best way to achieve the common goal. There are those who choose to work within the rules of the system as is it is already structured by the dominant social group, and there are those who choose to create their own branch, rewriting the rules to represent their own philosophies. Historically, women's athletics have been led by the second camp; by women who demanded a philosophy of sport with a vision unique from that of men?s athletics. Women's athletics remained, much like women as a social group, in its own separate sphere, leading its own organizational structure. But as the women's sphere was de-mystified (Spears, 1978) in the mid twentieth century, autonomous organizational structures were absorbed under the umbrella of formerly exclusively male athletics. This is the case as illustrated by the merger of the AIAW and the NCAA. On the surface, it may appear that full official inclusion of women's athletics into the structure of the patriarchy would bring primarily positive results such as increased funding and greater access to facilities. However, the present, past, and future ramifications of the merger are tangled in a web of political and social significance that is not so simple to label as all positive or all negative for the advancement of women's athletics and Feminism at large. I will briefly trace the history that led to the creation of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) as described by Joan Hult in 'The Story of Women's Athletics: Manipulating a Dream 1890-1985,' and then examine some of the pros and cons of the AIAW's 1981 merger with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Hult explains that in the era between 1890-1920, women physical educators were a tightly knit, dedicated group committed to a tradition of restricted competition, self-governance, and a feminine approach to individual and team sports. They believed that all girls and women should have the opportunity to participate and enjoy sport, not only the talented elite as in the competition-driven male philosophical structure (87). Play-days and sport-days with emphasis on team building games were a means of perpetuating an image of an ideal American female athlete: feminine, beautiful, strong, yet always 'aware of her delicate reproductive system' (89). Seventy-five years later, though much had changed, the AIAW still adhered to a more fundamental interpretation of the original philosophy of women's athletics. Struggles for Equality under the AIAW/NCAA Merger :: Women Athelets Sports Struggles for Equality under the AIAW/NCAA Merger In any movement by a marginalized social group to gain equal rights and recognition, there are always several factions with differing opinions of the best way to achieve the common goal. There are those who choose to work within the rules of the system as is it is already structured by the dominant social group, and there are those who choose to create their own branch, rewriting the rules to represent their own philosophies. Historically, women's athletics have been led by the second camp; by women who demanded a philosophy of sport with a vision unique from that of men?s athletics. Women's athletics remained, much like women as a social group, in its own separate sphere, leading its own organizational structure. But as the women's sphere was de-mystified (Spears, 1978) in the mid twentieth century, autonomous organizational structures were absorbed under the umbrella of formerly exclusively male athletics. This is the case as illustrated by the merger of the AIAW and the NCAA. On the surface, it may appear that full official inclusion of women's athletics into the structure of the patriarchy would bring primarily positive results such as increased funding and greater access to facilities. However, the present, past, and future ramifications of the merger are tangled in a web of political and social significance that is not so simple to label as all positive or all negative for the advancement of women's athletics and Feminism at large. I will briefly trace the history that led to the creation of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) as described by Joan Hult in 'The Story of Women's Athletics: Manipulating a Dream 1890-1985,' and then examine some of the pros and cons of the AIAW's 1981 merger with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). Hult explains that in the era between 1890-1920, women physical educators were a tightly knit, dedicated group committed to a tradition of restricted competition, self-governance, and a feminine approach to individual and team sports. They believed that all girls and women should have the opportunity to participate and enjoy sport, not only the talented elite as in the competition-driven male philosophical structure (87). Play-days and sport-days with emphasis on team building games were a means of perpetuating an image of an ideal American female athlete: feminine, beautiful, strong, yet always 'aware of her delicate reproductive system' (89). Seventy-five years later, though much had changed, the AIAW still adhered to a more fundamental interpretation of the original philosophy of women's athletics.

Othello, in Love? Essay

Was the relationship of Desdemona and Othello true love? Throughout the entire, through secrets and lies and murder even until the end one of the biggest questions that arose was the vitality of Othello Desdemona’s love. Although some readers of Othello have argued that Othello and Desdemona’s love was true, a closer examination of the way she shows empathy for him when he tells her stories reveals that he is only in love with the attention she gives him because it alleviates his own personal insecurities. By examining the abruptness of Othello’s jealousy and judgment of Desdemona’s possible infidelity, it is revealed that he has deeply rooted insecurities. After Iago tells Othello of the possible infidelity that has occurred, Othello immediately starts to get jealous and angry. He begins to admit some of the insecurities he has, â€Å"Maybe because I’m black and I don’t have nice manners like courtiers do, or because I’m getting oldà ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The insecurities that Othello has directly relate to the abruptness of his jealousy. Othello believes that he is lesser because he is â€Å"black† and â€Å"old†. Of course he, an ugly, old, outsider cannot compare to the young and beautiful Desdemona. He compares his self image with her image and automatically believes that he is not worthy of her. This terrible self image forces him to believe what Iago has told him even without proof. The abruptness of jealousy proves Othello has insecurities. If it was true love Othello would not have been so quick to assume that Iago’s claims of infidelity were true. An examination of the way Othello becomes intrigued by Desdemona because of her undivided attention toward the stories he told shows that the attention she gives him alleviates his insecurities. When Othello is in the court room talking to the duke, trying to prove his love for Desdemona, he mentions that â€Å"She loved me for the dangers I had pass’d, and I loved her that she did pity them†, Othello clearly says that Desdemona’s interest in him only derives from the fact that she is intrigued by the stories of his adventurous past and Othello’s interest in Desdemona derives from the fact that she loves his stories. Othello clearly understands that Desdemona loves him for his previous adventures and not for a romantic reason. Othello uses Desdemona’s fanaticism as a way to alleviate his insecurities. By Desdemona complementing Othello, it makes him feel better and wanted. It distracts him from his insecurities therefore Othello’s â€Å"love† isn’t true. He thinks that he is in love when truly the feelings he has are that of fulfillment of what is lost by his insecurities. Othello being driven into madness has less to do with Desdemona’s possible infidelity but more to do with her no longer being there to alleviate his insecurities because of her shift from undivided attention to Othello to her undivided attention to Cassio in attempt to get him his job back. Before Cassio was fired Desdemona devoted all of her time to Othello and wanted to be with him constantly, when he was sent to war she even wanted to go with him â€Å"So that, dear lords, if I be left behind a moth of peace and he go to the war, the rites for which I love him are bereft me, And I a heavy interim shall support by his dear absence. Let me go with him†. She couldn’t stand to be away from Othello and this made him feel wanted and his insecurities were intern alleviated. This all changed once Cassio lost his job though. Desdemona pledged to get him his job back, â€Å"Do not doubt that. Before Emilia here I give thee warrant of thy place. Assure thee, if I do vow a friendship, I’ll perform it to the last article. My lord shall never rest; I’ll watch him tame and talk him out of patience†. This new devotion to Cassio meant that Othello was no longer receiving the same attention and his insecurities were no longer being alleviated. When she was no longer alleviating his insecurities and there was no purpose for her. When he realized this he was overwhelmed with jealousy. He not only wanted to kill Cassio for taking away the one who solved his problems but he wanted to take away her as well, â€Å"Oh, that the slave had forty thousand lives! One is too poor, too weak for my revenge†¦ Damn her, lewd minx! Oh, damn her, damn her! Come, go with me apart. I will withdraw to furnish me with some swift means of death for the fair devil†. If Othello was in love with Desdemona as a person and not just the attention she gives him then it would be safe to say that the love they shared was true but because he felt as though the only solution was to kill her proves that their relationship was not true love. Othello is only in love with the attention Desdemona gives him because it alleviates his own personal insecurities. Desdemona distracts Othello from his insecurities and makes him feel better and wanted. When Desdemona no longer alleviated the insecurities he had his only course of action was to kill Desdemona and Cassio. If their love would have been true he would not have been so quick to make the decision to kill Desdemona.

Review & Critical Thinking Essay

1. Explain the different forms of child abuse? Include Shaken Baby Syndrome in your response. *The different forms of abuse are physical, emotional, and sexual abuse. The shaken baby syndrome is the same as physical abuse. 2. What types of physical care must a parent provide an infant child? *the physica infant parents must provide the child with diapers and the child must be fed, bathed, and taking care of. 3. What are some strategies for helping a child cope with stress? *According to the module a parent can create a stable and non-violent home environment for the child. Another thing is that the parent can encourage the child to communicate and tell them thing that are bothering them. These are some of the strategies a parent can use to help a child with stress. Critical Thinking Questions 1. What is the difference between a protective environment and a nurturing environment? *A protective environment is an environment in which the children are feels safe at home or in any place and fells that they can trust any adult in her community. A nurturing environment is when the child feels free to discover how they are. They also feel free to express themselves without fear. 2. How children’s do need change as they grow through development stages from infancy to teen years? How do special needs children differ? *As infants children are supposed to be supervised by their parents. Their parents are supposed to feed them clean them etc†¦ As a teen the child can take care of themselves and the parent must help with emotional not physical needs. 3. List and explain factors a parent can control that lead to a nurturing environment. Include characteristics of nurturing parents. *A parent can spend more time with their children so that the child does not suffer from anxiety or fear in their early childhood. Another thing that a parent can do is not use alcohol or drugs. Children who are raised in a home with lots of alcohol or drugs are more likely to consume them. 4. List and explain factors that  lead to poor relationships and that increase the risk of child abuse. *One factor that can lead to child abuse is a child of parents who were abused themselves. Another one is children in homes with many difficulties at home. 5. Why is it critical for a parent to be involved in their children’s education? *Because parents should continue teaching and encouraging their children about the world so that the children would be more interested in studying.

Restaurant ADA

Visit a restaurant, diner, pizza parlor, or another food restaurant and imagine what it would be like if you were in a wheelchair. You will complete the survey provided. Responses should be clear and informative. If the assignment includes errors in sentence structure, spelling etc. Points will be deducted. You will need a tape measure for this assignment.If appropriate, introduce ourselves to the restaurant manager and explain the purpose of your assignment. Directions for submission are located in the overview. Introductory Paragraph: Include the name of the restaurant, location, and why you selected this particular restaurant. (2 points) The restaurant I picked was Noshes De Colombia in Englewood, NJ. The reason landed on this restaurant is because I know the manager there and it was easy for me to explain to him on what I was doing. The restaurant is by my hometown, so I figured would visit my family, get good food and complete this assignment.Restaurant Requirements (2 points) a . Is the top of the table or counter between 28 and 34 inches above the floor? What is it? Yes it is. Measurement: 30 inches b. Are all aisles between fixed tables at least 36 inches wide? What is it? Yes it is. Measurement: 38 inches c. Do seating spaces provided for wheelchair users have at least a 30 by 48 inch clear floor space which adjoins an accessible route? How much? Yes it is. Measurement: 35 inches d. Summary of what you found It was pretty noticeable that they meet the requirements for handicap/ wheelchair individuals inside the restaurant.Doing the measurements weren't difficult. Curb Ramps (2 points) a. Is there a curb ramp wherever an accessible route crosses a curb? (e. G. Street or parking lot) Describe where. Yes, before you walk in the restaurant in the parking lot in front of the handicap parking spaces. B. Is the curb ramp at least 36 inches wide? How wide? No it wasn't it measured out to be 35 inches. C. Are the curb ramps protected so that they will not be obs tructed by parking vehicles? Describe Yes there is an aisle for people to walk up and down. When it comes to curbs, everything was where it was suppose to. Fortunately, the curb ramp wasn't at least 36 inches wide. Bathrooms (2 points) a. Are the bathrooms located on an accessible route? Describe. Yes, the bathrooms are located in the front of the restaurant with a clear accessible route. B. If there are toilet stalls, is one at least 60 inches wide? Explain. Yes there is, in both bathrooms there is a handicap accessible stall over 60 inches wide. C. Is there a turning space (60 inch diameter circle or T-shaped space) in the bathroom space? Explain. Yes, there is enough room for wheelchairs to complete a circle. D.Does the door swing not intrude into the clear floor space? Explain. No it doesn't, when the door swings in, there is still more than enough room. E. Does the stall door swing into the stall? Is there additional space to maneuver? Explain. Yes it does, but there is still m ore than enough room. F. Are the soap dispenser and paper towels accessible for someone In a wheelchair? Explain. Unfortunately it doesn't, it is too high for someone in a wheelchair to reach. G. Summary of what you found When it comes to the restrooms, it was very accessible for individuals in wheelchairs.The only downfall was the soap dispensers. Parking Area (2 a. Is there handicapped parking available? Describe. Yes, there are a couple of spots by the front entrance. B. Is anyone parked in a handicapped space that is not supposed to be there? Explain. Not when I was there c. Summary of what you found When it comes to the parking lot, there where no downfalls. Closing Paragraph: Summarize your experience and reflect on what you have learned. This should be sincere and offer personal insight into how you now perceive the challenge a person in a wheelchair might have. Include the impact of DAD (10 points)The restaurant I picked was very accessible for wheelchairs. Unfortunately, th e soap dispensers were to high up. When thinking about being in a wheelchair could only imagine the amount of frustration they must go through especially if a restaurant or any place isn't too accessible. Everyday is a struggle for them and after doing this assignment I wish could do something so that all places are more handicap friendly. Doing this assignment was stressful knowing there are a lot of requirements but my heart goes out to all persons in a wheelchair because know how frustrating it can be.

Muslims in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Muslims in America - Essay Example The essay "Muslims in America" talks about the position of Muslims in the United States of America after the WTC attacks and the 9/11 attacks when the Muslims Groups tried to kill the American people. The terrorist attacks in the US had played a major role in settling beliefs in minds of young and innocent Americans. Muslims have played a very important role in integrating with the culture of the USA. There have been many Muslims rappers in the country. Muslims have been vocal in their opinions through magazines and other means of public publications. There are Muslims Comedy groups up and running in many parts of the country and they all share a common sense of humour which is nowhere connected with the plight of Americans suffering from terrorism. The Sunni Muslims in the USA are in the majority, while the Shia Community is in the minority. They both follow their schools of jurisprudence, and more than 2/3rds of the Muslims believe that religion is an important tool to strengthen one’s life. The Muslims have integrated very well with the rest of the population in America. Although there were some doubts in the early part of the 20th century, all these doubts were erased when the Blacks living in the USA started converting to Islam, as the religion provided the best possible means to live a life which was devoid of any discrimination as opposed to Christianity. The Wall Street Journal in its report had claimed that the Ameri can Muslims had been projected as role models for the Muslims.

History of business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

History of business - Essay Example In the next segment, historical perspectives of marketing, consumerism and entrepreneurship have been discussed. Further by discussing the impact of technology, changing nature of work and the concept of deindustrialization, an attempt has been made to highlight the historical evolution and portrait of the current business scenario. The term is specially referred to huge sized organizations or multinational businesses either in individual or collective sense. Today Microsoft, Google, General Motors, and Wal-Mart are leading organizations that are the leading Big Businesses. The term came on the horizon just after the American Civil War along with the combination movement when the US Congress passed the legislation to allow the individual business entities to form up corporations. From 1895 to 1905, small organizations or firms took benefits from new legislation and consolidated into huge corporation through mergers and acquisitions processes. During the early phase of the Big Business, the US government had a lenient policy toward the business. Along with large public opinion, the government also believed on the laissez-fair theory that demands free economic markets without the government intervention. Therefore free developing market environment created a competition that led to fair prices for consumers. But it was a temporary phase. Within few years, these corporations became dominant on the American industries. They quickly gained control of all the aspects of the market of their respective industry and set new business trends and American life sty les. Such corporations and their owners became exceedingly rich and influential mostly at the cost of numerous poor workers. For example during that era, Andrew Carnegie’s Carnegie Steel, John D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company, J.P. Morgan’s Banking House, and Cornelius Vanderbilt’s New York Central Railroad System were the leading Big Business organizations. The owners of Big Business were

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How have cell phones affected the lives of american citizens - Essay Example The lives of the American people are, therefore, highly influenced by mobile telephony. Arguments on the effects of cell phones on the lives of American citizens are both positive and negative, with the positives outperforming the negatives (Ling 34). Cell phones constitute the primary mode of communication in America. This means that mobile telephony has made it simple and easy to access effective and efficient communication services. As a result, communication challenges that were evident decades ago are no longer present today. Sending and receiving information is efficiently aided by cell phone devices, thereby reducing time and cost of sending and receiving information and messages. The social aspects of the American people have also been accounted for by cell phones. The mobile telephony industry has revolutionized social interactions through the use of cell phones. This has made it possible for people to interact even without having to meet physically. The link of cell phones to the social media has further led to the realization of an integrative social enhancement at a global level. This has come as a complement to intentional communications originating from America to the rest of the world. Cell phones have further impacted positively on the economic conditions of individuals, businesses and the performance of the American economy at large (Campbell 73). At individual level, cell phone services are provided at affordable charges, with competition in the industry necessitating an ever declining service pricing for mobile telephony. Moreover, cell phones companies undertake promotions all over America, offering cash money, mobile phone handsets and mobile phone accessories to their lucky subscribers. This has enhanced the economic conditions of numerous subscribers across the United States. In general, American citizens have benefited from the operation strategies employed by cell phone

Letter to senate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Letter to senate - Essay Example As a senator, if you choose to support the idea it would be very close to committing political suicide. It is strongly suggested that you vote against the notion of a national ID card. The supporters of the national ID card may suggest that it would decrease the chances of terrorism and would make official government business easier to conduct. However, it must be understood that terrorism is not prevented by easily falsified documents (no matter how difficult to duplicate they may be). It is stopped by effective security measures and the sacrifices made by hardworking men and women out to stop it with positive intelligence gathering and old fashioned detective work. On the issue of making matters easier for the government bureaucracy, identity itself is currently verified in all instances where it needs to be done. Adding another layer or requirement to identity documents would only complicate matters while being a significant expense for the government that tries to issue cards to millions of Americans. Overall, having a national ID card is not only an unworkable idea, it is also a dangerous one in political as well as social terms as it would create a lot of difficulties for those who demand the simplest of rights to their privacy i.e. the right to be left alone (Garrett, 2001). A senator who values the rights of the people would certainly vote against any such plans to impose a document which does nothing to improve matters but does a lot to harm anyone who desires not to be engaged in

Comparison of the TV Bra for Living Sculpture and the Olympia Essay

Comparison of the TV Bra for Living Sculpture and the Olympia - Essay Example Comparison of the TV Bra for Living Sculpture and the Olympia Art will always remain part and parcel of life. It has been there since time immemorial and there are several household names that are known for various pieces of art. The Olympia and the TV Bra for Living Sculpture are such pieces of art that have brought some form of controversy in the subject matter that they have and will be the focus of discussion in this paper. The Olympia was done by Edouard Manet, a French painter in 1863. This painting caused such uproar when it was presented at the Salon in 1865 and the authorities at the Salon were forced to put it further up and put two armed guards to prevent the painting from being damaged by the public. The painting encompasses a reclining nude woman being tended to by a black maid while a black cat is on the far right of the bed where the woman is lying gazing rather mysteriously to the viewer of the painting. The TV Bra for Living Sculpture is a piece of work done by Nam June Paik in 1969 and is found in the Walk Art Center. It is made of video tubes, television, rheostat, Plexiglas boxes, vinyl straps, foot switches, cables and copper wire. All these were connected to resemble a bra, which is a pi ece of cloth used by women to hold their breasts in place. According to Salter, p.116, it is used to portray how electronics can be humanized since it entails the use of a TV as a bra; a bra is something that is considered intimate to the female human being, and it is so unlikely that a TV can be used as a bra. That being, the idea was to stimulate the fantasy of finding a new, imaginative and humanistic use of technology. Both artists, Edouard Manet and Nam June Paik are renowned artists. This is mostly due to the style of art that they engage in, for example, Manet was known for a series of paintings featuring naked women such as the Le Dejeuner sur I'Herbe. On the same scale, Nam June Paik did a number of electronically inspired arts throughout the 1960’s such as the TV chair, Opus paintings, TV cello and TV garden among others (Smithsonian American Art Museum, p.2). All these pieces of art encompassed electronics being portrayed in a unique way. While the Olympia is made of oil paint the TV bra for living sculpture is made of various electronic devices such as copper wires, cables, switches and a TV screen. These two pieces have different materials but this does not make them any less desirable. The Olympia measures 130.5 by 190 centimeters and Manet used strong brush strokes which many people considered to be unfashionable at that moment since it was the kind of painting that little children used to practice their painting skills (Courtesans, p.1). The painting has a great contrast between the dark part that is on the background and the lighting on the foreground. The lighting gives focus to the woman lying on the bed as opposed to the other components of the painting such as the maidservant that is serving the lady as well as the cat that is on the bed (Courtesans, p.1). This serves to give the painting a desirable effect in addition to contributing to the thematic concern of the paint. The composition of the Olympia is not very different from oth er pieces of its time. However, the only unique aspect of its composition is that Manet took what was a classical composition and put it in a contemporary setting that could be referred to everyone else (Wallace, p.1). This was achieved by the use of the woman of a common origin bringing a sense of immediacy to the painting. On the other hand, the composition of the TV bra for living sculpture is rather unique since it encompasses the use of modern

William Kaye Estes Essay Example for Free

William Kaye Estes Essay William Kaye Estes is one among the founders of mathematical psychology and a leading statistical learning theorist. Estes demonstrated the comparison of experimental observations of behavior with computer simulation model. His work of mathematical psychology reflects theoretical matters relating to perception, choice, learning, memory and categorization. A major concern about the theorist is creation of clear understanding and application of statistical methods in psychology. One major consideration in mathematical psychology is the application of Markov process in real life situations. Markov process arises in statistics and probability. It is a random process whereby expected or future behavior cannot be predicted by considering past behavior (FABBS Foundation, n d). Some applications of Markov analysis in real life situation is in the case of traffic flow, business behavior or progress of an epidemic. A real life situation reflected in Markov analysis is traffic flow which is a major problem in many parts of the world especially developing cities. Markov process as is applied in traffic flow clearly describes probalistic behavior of traffic queues in many urban centers. This is applied properly in areas that are closely seen especially in an intersection considering spatial extension. Markov process is applied in traffic flow in estimation of travel times that is vehicles arrivals and departure or traffic volumes through applications of origin destinations. Detecting devices record the arrival and departure time of vehicles, airplanes or trains. Vehicle concentration at various road segments is a clear indication of a posterior distribution which provides a clear estimate of traffic flow (FABBS Foundation, n d). Estimation of origin destinations is difficult but application of simulation model easily finds traffic counts at intersections. Application of Markov process therefore simulates transportation network which reflects the actual traffic counts. Reference FABBS Foundation. William Kaye Estes. Retrieved on 22nd July 2010 from, http://www. fabbs. org/Estes_Honor. html

Faculty Of Hospitality Management Tourism Essay

Faculty Of Hospitality Management Tourism Essay Based on the problem statement and research questions, questionnaires will be distributed to respondents of 100 local tourists and 100 international tourists participating in the Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme using non probability, convenience sampling method. Results that will be obtained based on local and international tourists satisfaction participating on the marketing mix of the Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme will be determined. Homestay programme was first introduced back in 1970s in Kampung Cherating Lama, Pahang. The founder of such accommodation was famously known as Mak Long. Types of basic accommodation Mak Long has provided for the guests during those days consist both breakfast and dinner and served at home (Amran, 2008). It is believed that in the late 1980s, the homestay programme then has been transformed into Japanese youth stay where they learned the rural way of life of the locals (Ibrahim and Razzaq,n.d. ) . (Kalsom and Ashikin, 2006) homestay programme in Malaysia was introduced in 1988 by the formerly known as Ministy of Culture, Arts and Tourism Malaysia later known as Ministry Tourism of Malaysia. Today, homestay programme in Malaysian context is defined as the rural-cultural- community based tourism product (The Star, 2009) and is seen to have potential in providing income and employment for the rural community as a whole. Thus, as stated under the Ninth Malaysian Plan, an amount of RM 40 million allocated to the Ministry of Tourism to upgrade infrastructures needed in the rural areas (Ibrahim and Razzaq,n.d.). (Ninth Malaysian Plan, 2006-2010) the governments priority is on development of rural communities and two strategies undertaken include minimizing the obvious gap in income between the rural and urban areas. As stated by the Ministry of Tourism Malaysia (2010) Until May 2010, a total of 227 villages and 2984 participants registered under Ministry of Tourism Malaysia. 1 1.1) Background of study: Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme It was believed that Santubong was once famous for its trade and this information is backed up by the remnants of English, Hindu and Chinese influence here. Based on the claim made by the local community of Santubong, Santubong was originally known as Kampung Teluk Pasir Putih (White Sandy Bay Village) as given by the Chinese settlers trading at the time. The most unique feature of the legendary mount Santubong is the womanly figure lying on her side (Sarawak Museum). Santubong is considered as the largest archaeological site in Malaysia compared to Lembah Bujang in Peninsular Malaysia due to thousands of ceramic together with 40,000 tonnes of iron were found in 1947 by curator, Tom Harrison (1947-1966) . This place was believed to be important area for merchants and iron mining from eleventh to thirteen century. Santubong Village, a Malay fishing village strategically located at the river mouth of the Sarawak with the legendary mount Santubong as the backdrop makes this village a unique one. About 40 minutes drive from the Kuching city centre to reach Santubong Village, this Santubong village is rich with famous landmarks that can be found around the village. Popular list among tourists are the mysterious Sultan Tengah Tomb (First and the last Sarawak Sultan), the Legendary Mount Santubong surrounded by myths. Other historic landmarks that exist until today are the James Brooke Bungalow. The very famous history marked here as well where Wallace the famous scientist penned his theory on speciation and biography here, Batu Buaya (Curse crocodile stone), Teluk Sepang (Raden Merpati landed in Santubong), Bongkisam (An old iron mine), Batu Gambar (Pictorial Rock) and Pulau Kera (Monkey Island). (Source: Sarawak Museum,n.d.). 2 1.2) Problem statement There have been several researches done previously on the benefits and positive contribution through the homestay programme. However, this study will focus on determining the effectiveness of each components of marketing mix such as product, price, place and promotion by Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme against tourist satisfaction. 1.3) Research objectives The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of each components of marketing mix such as product, price, place and promotion against tourist satisfaction are as follows:- To determine tourist satisfaction against product in Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme. To determine tourist satisfaction against price offered by Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme. To determine tourist satisfaction against promotional strategy offered by Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme. To determine tourist satisfaction against the place in which Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme is located. 3 1.4) Research Questions How effective are the components of marketing mix used by Kampung Santubong homestay programme against tourist satisfaction. The traditional components of marketing mix in are as follows:- How to determine tourist satisfaction against product in Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme? How to determine tourist satisfaction against price offered against promotional strategy offered by Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme? How to determine tourist satisfaction against the promotional strategy offered by Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme? How to determine tourist satisfaction against the place in which Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme located? 1.5) Scope of Study This research is undertaken to determine the effectiveness of each components of marketing mix such as product, price, place and promotion by the Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme against tourist satisfaction. This research of study will mainly focus at the Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme located at Santubong, Kuching Sarawak. 4 1.6) Limitation of Research 1.6.1)Insufficient resources Insufficient resources due to lack of relevant previous researches done through online scholarly journals. Most online journals are on payment basis and only few free articles or journals available online. 1.6.2) Time constraint Limited time to conduct research since distribution of questionnaires in targeted area falls during the month of Ramadhan, the fasting month for the Muslims and also on the festive month, Hari Raya. Some of the local community participated in the Santubong Homestay Programme may not have time to entertain guests. 1.6.3) Tourist Tourists participation response to the questionnaires distributed may vary. Some tourists may be willing to participate in this research and some may not. 1.6.4) Seasonal factor Due to the nature of product of homestay programme, during low season, number of tourists participating in the homestay programme may be affected. 5 1.7) Significance of Study This study help in contributing valuable information to all homestay operators in Kuching on the influence of tourist satisfaction against the marketing mix adopted by homestay programmes in order to enhance homestay programmes in the future. In fact, using tourists satisfaction as a tool to determine on the elements of the marketing mix such as the product, price, promotion and place can benefit homestay operators on providing the best homestay product/ service by differentiating themselves from each other, hence, the sense of uniqueness to attract more tourists in participating in the homestay programme especially in throughout Kuching. 6 Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1) Definition of terms 2.1.1) Homestay Programme The term homestay programmes are varied in different parts of the world thus, according to Barke (2004) In defining the term homestay programme, there is no single accepted definition in the International studies. Lane (1994) stated homestay as a rural community based tourism product, hence falls under rural tourism category. 2.1.2) Tourist satisfaction Tourist satisfaction is defined as (Klaus,1985,pg 21) the accumulated experience of a customers purchase and experiences 2.1.3) Marketing mix (Perreault, Jr.and McCarthy, 2004, pg38) marketing variables are separated into product, price, promotion and price leads to an easy formulation of marketing strategy. 7 2.2) Homestay Programme (Akbar, Bael, Hassan Baguley, 2003) homestay programme in Australia is the type of accommodation for international students to reside in and is believed to help them with culture adaptation. Homestay is comparable to bed and breakfasts and more affordable compared to rental type accommodation (Akbar, Bael, Hassan, Baguley, 2003). In Malaysia context of homestay programme natural setting, Both (Kalsom, 2009; and Tourism Government, 2008) mentioned homestay programme takes place in a kampung or village setting where guests have the opportunity to live together in the same house with their adopted families and learn the traditional way of lives of the host family. (Kalsom, 2009) added Malaysia homestay programme differed from other type of homestay programme where host-tourists participation is emphasized through involvement in local activities. (Tourism Government, 2008) homestay programme in Malaysia is owned by homestay operators that are granted with a license to participate in the homestay programme. Meaning to say, not all home owners have the privilege to take part in this homestay unless they abide to a list of criteria established by the Ministry of Tourism for all participating homestay operators. The list of criterions pertaining to hygiene, criminal record, clean toilet, adequate number of accommodation in terms of separate bedrooms, accessibility to main road and no communicable disease are highly regarded. Generally, homestay development policy in Malaysia is aimed to fully utilized natural resources at kampung level, conservation of the socio cultural and artistic customs of the village as well as its uniqueness. However, there are several evidence clearly shows that there are similarities in some elements of the homestay programme. For example, the homestay programmes in countries like Australia, Malaysia, and Kwam Emakana community in South Africa stated that the culture exchange between the host and the guests does exist through accommodation provided by the host family. 8 This cultural exchange is emphasizing through host-guest participation on local activities, local food and customs. Similar to the Malaysian context of homestay, the Kwam Emakana community also takes part in the community based tourism homestay where it takes place in a rural / village setting. However, not all homestay accommodation of the Kwam Emakana exists in the rural setting since they also provide township accommodation with private homes (Kwam Emakana Community Based Homestay Initiative in South Africa, 2010; pg 152). According to the World Tourism Organization projections cites in (African Business, 2010), homestay programme gains its popularity may drive by the need to find cheaper accommodation and involving holidays from the travellers part. In order to have a direct experience of the host culture, guests expected the homestay accommodation including the food and local activities as it is. (Solomon Mburu, African Business, 2010). 2.3) Tourist satisfaction In tourism, satisfaction is evaluated based on the characteristics of tourism offers and respondents are typically evaluated through satisfaction scale (Kozak, 2001). (Fuchs Weiermair (2003) destination attributes are correlated to a variable measuring total customer (tourists) satisfaction resulting in more valid managerial implications. According to (Zeithaml et al . . .) cited by (Pawitra and Tan, 2003) tourism in nature is different from other area of services, thus there is a need for tourism industry to used SERVQUAL to measure tourist satisfaction for a destination. 9 (Kozak and Rimmington, 2000) tourist satisfaction are greatly affected by the tourist motivation to purchasing, consumption and services related to tourism offers. In addition, tourist satisfaction considered as an effective tool in homestay tourism and helped marketers in tourism product positioning (Seubsamarn and Cho, 2009).There was research being done on the relationship between quality, satisfaction, previous experience and loyalty (Baker and Crompton, 2000; Bignee et al., 2001;Pritchard, 2003. Petrick, 2004b; Yoon and Uysal, 2005; Um et al., 2006). Perceived quality leads to consumer satisfaction, thus enhance promotion of the destination through word of mouth and repeat purchase (Brady and Robertson, 2001). This statement agreed also by (Bignee et al. (2001) destinations image is a major key related to quality, satisfaction, and tourists motivation repeat purchase. (Yoon and Uysal, 2005) shows the difference tourists motivation that needs to be applied in multiple dimensions via integrated approaches and the complex nature of satisfaction as well as the theories of measuring satisfaction. 2.4) Elements of the Marketing Mix (4Ps) The traditional definition of marketing mix which consists of 4Ps was proposed by E. Jerome McCarthy (1960). Its elements namely; the product, price, promotion and place have been used extensively by marketers all over the world (Wikipedia.org, 2012). Kannan and Srinivasan (2009) implied the marketing mix for any service industry usually comprises of 8ps, where four adopted from the traditional marketing mix and the later are process, physical evidence, people, and productivity. The first element of marketing mix is the product. In a homestay programme context, what drives tourists to flock to any destination as stated by Maimunah and Abdul Rahim (2009) cited in (Ibrahim and Razzaq,n.d. ) The motivation factor of the tourists to visit a particular destination is mainly for the product or attractions. 10 The products mentioned referred to the supplementary attractions such as the natural resources like nature and habitat of the village setting has to offer, vernacular architecture, traditional delicacies and beverages, arts and crafts, music and cultural activities, historical significance, agricultural activities and special phenomena. Hence, tourism product / service usually have direct impact on tourist satisfaction. In a service context, a need satisfying only emerged gradually for the customer throughout the consumption process. Meaning to say, a service is seen as a process that leads to an outcome during partly simultaneous production and consumption processes (Gronroos, 2001). In the context of tourism product which usually related with the service, Ferrell (2005) product is the core of the marketing mix strategy and thus, stockholders involved in the making and production of the tourism product can easily manipulate those products and come up with more unique features in the effort to distinguish themselves from competitors. Same goes to the homestay programme packages offered by stockholders involved such homestay operators of Kampung Santubong with the help of tour operators that bringing in the tourists to the village and active promotion and grants by the Malaysia Tourism Ministry (Ministry of Tourism Malaysia, 2011). In contrary, this has not always been the case. According to Seaton and Bennett (1996) and Butler and Hall (1998), one of the main issues that are faced by most tourism destinations is the difficulty to distinguish themselves from each other. Technically, most of the tourism product / services offered by these tourism destination operators are similar which by all means they might have lost their sense of uniqueness especially in the eyes of the tourists, their target market (Garrod,Wornell,Youell,Garrod et al. , 2006). 11 Referring back to the product, since tourism product / service are categorized as services marketing, there is a need to differentiate tourism marketing when compared to other services (Lovelock). In this sense, The differences between tourism marketing and other type of services include: the nature of the tourism product itself where it emphasizes on providing recreational experience and hospitality to tourists, tourists must travel in order to consume the tourism product/ service thus making the elements of time and money spent to travel affect tourists travel decisions (Kannan and Srinivasan, 2009). This similar approach also agreed by Seaton and Bennett (1996) whereby tourism product does not permitted the target market which is the tourist to try the tourism product / service before purchasing. In addition to the issue pertaining to the nature of tourism product / service, as implied by Parasuraman et al. (1985); and Schiffman and Kanuk (2000), the nature of tourism product als o may influence the perspective of the consumer,the tourists on the service quality. Promotion is defined as all the methods of communications used by the marketer in order to transfer information about certain product or a service. The methods are sales promotion, advertising, personal selling and public relations (Wikipedia.org, 2012). These methods of promotion are relatively different from each other. Advertising is different compared to public relations because an individual or an institution need to pay for their stories to be advertised is it in the internet, newspaper or television. Public relations are commonly used as a medium for promotional strategy. Such example of PR was the launching of Misompuru Homestay Packages with MASWings by the Federal Tourism Minister, Dato Eng Yen Yen (Daily Express, 2012). It is up to the stakeholders involved on how to promote the destination image in which the homestay programme setting lies. Tourism Malaysia (2010b) is continuously promoting the homestay programme various local activities happening in different homestay pr ogramme operators throughout Malaysia (Jamaludin, Othman and Awang, 2010). 12 According to Ministry of Tourism Malaysia (2011), Homestay Programme is an experience where tourists stay with selected families, interact and experience, the daily life of these families as well as experiencing Malaysian culture.Thus, potential tourists that are keen to participate in the Malaysian version of a homestay programme can easily browse through the official Malaysia Homestay Website: www.go2homestay.com . Information on sales promotion of homestay packages is available there as well (Ministry of Tourism Malaysia, 2011). Other example of the latest promotion effort by the Tourism Malaysia with is the Homestay Rail, as stated by the director of the agency from Singapore, Zalizam Zakaria (News Straight Times, 2012). This Homestay Rail will attract mainly students and senior citizens from Singapore to participate in the homestays located along the journey between Johor Bharu and the east coast (News Straight Times, 2012). When it comes to promoting the tourism product such as homestay programme, the destination image plays an important role in promoting the tourism product / services in this case, the homestay programme. The definition of destination image are agreed by both Buhalis (2000) ; Baloglu and McCleary (1999) in which perceptions of any destination held in the minds of tourists. According to Chon (1992) ; Baloglou and Bringmerg (1997) cited in Buhalis (2000) Before people go to a destination they develop the image and a set of expectations based on previous experience, word of mouth, press reports, advertising and common beliefs (JobTrust Incorporated, 2007-2012). However, this will not always seem to be the case, Weirmair and Fuchs (1999) mentioned Destinations could change their advertising strategies. Advertisement could either emphasise the service process characteristics of its tourism and related cultures by focussing on tourists experiences within the destination (Munar, n.d.). 13 Price refers to the amount a customer is willing to pay for the product or service in relation to tourism services context. The price offered for the product / service must complements other elements of marketing mix in order since it will determine whether the profits are favourable which is important for the business survival (Wikipedia.org, 2012). According to Ministry Tourism of Malaysia (2011), the basic cost of spending on homestay packages range from Ringgit Malaysia 150 250 inclusive of meals, accommodation, and activities, depending on the activities offered in various homestay programme operators throughout Malaysia. In addition, all cost related information to homestay packages offered from various homestay operators are accessible through the official Malaysian Homestay website, www.go2homestay.com. Place is where the product / service is provided by individual or institution to the customer and the place must be accessible and convenient to the customers. Place is also commonly referred to distribution (Wikipedia.org, 2012). According to Uysal, Chen and Williams (2000) to build a positive destination image in the minds of tourists was not an easy job and served as marketing challenges for stockholders involved. 14 2.5) Theoretical Framework Tourists Satisfaction Marketing mix (4Ps) Product Price Promotion Place 15 CHAPTER 3: Research Design and Methodology 3.1) Definition of research design (Micheal. S.Carriger, 2000) stated research design can be seen as as common sense and clear thinking for the management of research to come up with effective strategy in conducting a reaserch. 3.2) Sampling Research sample is a group of people chosen from the sampling frame by representing the whole population of study (goodresearch.eu, 2012). According to Uma Sekaran (2000), a sample size is a subset of a population being studied and only some elements of the population are treated as the sample. 3.2.1) Population According to Uma Sekaran (2000), Population is defined as the entire group of people, events, or things of interest that the researcher wishes to investigate. As also stated by Joan Joseph Castillo (2009) Research population is generally a large collection of individuals or objects that is the main focus of a scientific query. The target population for this research is local and international tourists visiting Kuching, Sarawak. 3.2.2) Sample frame A sample frame is referred to the list consisting of the units of the population (MBA Official, 2010). Also stated in (Wikipedia.org, 2012) sample frame may include the individuals, households or institutions which related the population. The sample frame of research is of local and international tourists who are participating in the Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme. 16 3.2.3) Sampling design Non probability, convenience sampling method will be used for this research. Convenience sampling involved collecting information from members of the population who are conveniently available provide to it (Sekaran, 2000). Thus, both the local and international tourists who are most available or most conveniently selected will be asked through questionnaires. 3.2.4) Sample size A sample size of 200 respondents of both local and international tourists from a convenience sampling method is to be selected on the basis of this research. 3.3) Instrument for the research These questionnaires are divided into three sections: Section A : List of personal data questions on demographic of tourist will be asked as closed ended questions with using ordinal scale. Section B: Pertaining to the marketing mix of Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme against tourist satisfaction. Using Likert scale closed ended questions consists of Strongly disagree, neutral (either agree or disagree), agree, strongly agree. Section C: Open-ended questions mainly on recommendations or improvements of the Kampung Santubong Homestay marketing mix will be asked. 17 3.4) Data Collection Method Questionnaire as referred to Wikipedia.org (2012) a research instrument represents by sets of questions for the purpose of gathering the data relevant to the study of research. Questionnaires are to be distributed in a form of survey form to local and international tourists who participating in the Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme, According to BusinessDictionary.com ( ) questionnaires are a list of a research or survey questions asked to respondents and designed to extract specific information. Questionnaires are to be distributed to the local and international tourists who are participating and had participated in the Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme and local community of Kampung Santubong Both primary and secondary data are used in conducting this study. Primary data as mentioned by Karuna (2012) are referred to raw and original materials collected by the investigator which relatively expensive and time consuming as compared to secondary data. Karuna (2012) stated secondary data on the other hand lacks of originality (Preserve articles.com, 2012). Primary data is data collected by the researcher to collect quantitative methods while secondary data referred to as data obtained from sources which are already available such as literature, industry surveys, compilations . . . (socialscience.stow.ac.uk, 2000). Analysis of Data 3.5.1) Spss The first version of SPSS (Statistical Package For Social Science) was released in 1968 and was developed by (Norman H, Nie and C. Hadlai Hull (Wikipedia.org, 2012). It is used by every organisation such as government, marketing establishements. 18 3.5.2) Pilot test Pilot study will be conducted earlier to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaires. According to Julie Stachowiak (2008) pilot study is defined as a smaller version of a large study that is conducted to prepare for that study. It is also used as a tool to test an idea or hypothesis. 3.5.3) Reliability test Reliability of a measure indicates the extent to which the measure is without bias and offers consistent measurement across time and other items related in the intruement.(Sekaran, 2001) 3.5.4) Hypothesis statement H1: Tourists are satisfied with the product of Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme. H2: Tourists are satisfied with the price of Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme. H3: Tourists are satisfied with the promotion of Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme. H4: Tourists are satisfied with the place of Kampung Santubong Homestay Programme. 19