Environmental Vocabulary for English Learners

For English-language learners, vocabulary related to environmental issues can be challenging. Tables sectioned according to types of environmental issues can help. These tables provide the word or phrase in the left column and an example of how to use the term(s) in the righthand column to provide context. Important Issues From acid rain to pollution and radioactive waste, there are many environmental issues around which discussion and debate have evolved. Students will likely hear many of these terms on the news or read about them on the internet and in newspapers. The general list of issues should prove helpful. Term or Phrase Example Sentence acid rain The acid rain ruined the soil for the next three generations. aerosol Aerosol can be extremely toxic and must be used with care when sprayed in the air. animal welfare We must consider animal welfare as we strive to create a balance between man and nature. carbon monoxide Its important to have a carbon monoxide detector in your home for safety. climate The climate of an area can change over long periods of time. conservation Conservation focuses on making sure we protect the nature we havent already lost. endangered species There are many endangered species all over the planet that need our help. energy Humans are using an ever increasing amount of energy. nuclear energy Nuclear energy has passed out of fashion after a number of serious environmental disasters. solar energy Many hope that solar energy can wean us off our need for fossil fuels. exhaust fumes The exhaust fumes from cars standing in traffic can make you cough. fertilizers Fertilizers used by huge farms can pollute drinking water for miles around. forest fires Forest fires can burn out of control and create hazy weather conditions. global warming Some doubt that global warming is real. greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect is said to heat up the earth. (non)renewable resources As we move forward, we need to become more dependent on renewable energy resources. nuclear The exploration of nuclear science has created great boons, as well as horrific dangers for humanity. nuclear fallout The nuclear fallout from a bomb would be devastating to the local population. nuclear reactor The nuclear reactor was taken offline because of technical problems. Oil slick The oil slick caused by the sinking vessel could be seen for tens of miles. ozone layer Industrial additives have been threatening the ozone layer for many years. pesticide While its true that pesticides help kill off unwanted insects, there are serious problems to be considered. pollution Water and air pollution situations have improved over the last few decades in many countries. protected animal Its a protected animal in this country. You cant hunt it! rainforest The rain forest is lush and green, bursting with life from all sides. unleaded petrol Unleaded petrol is certainly cleaner than leaded petrol. waste The amount of plastic waste in the ocean is shocking. nuclear waste Nuclear waste can remain active for many thousands of years. radioactive waste They stored the radioactive waste at the site in Hanford. wildlife We must take the wildlife into account before we develop the site. Natural Disasters From drought to volcanic eruptions, natural disasters are a big part of the environmental discussion, as this table shows. Term or Phrase Example Sentence drought The drought has gone on for sixteen straight months. No water to be seen! earthquake The earthquake devastated the little village in the Rhine River. flood The flood forced more than 100 families from their homes. tidal wave A tidal wave hit the island. Luckily, no one was lost. typhoon The typhoon hit and dropped more than ten inches of rain in one hour! volcanic eruption Volcanic eruptions are spectacular, but they dont occur very often. Politics and Action Discussion generally leads to the formation of environmental groups and actions, some positive and some negative, as this final listing demonstrates. Environmental groups are followed by a listing of verbs (or actions) related to the environment and environmental issues. Term or Phrase Example Sentence environmental group The environmental group presented their case to the community. green issues Green issues have become one of the most important themes of this election cycle. pressure group The pressure group forced the company to stop building on that site. cut down We need to cut down on pollution drastically. destroy Human greed destroys millions of acres each year. dispose (of) The government must dispose of the waste properly. dump You can dump recyclable garbage in this container. protect Its our responsibility to protect the natural habit of this beautiful planet before its too late. pollute If you pollute in your own backyard, youll eventually notice it. recycle Make sure to recycle all paper and plastics. save We save bottles and newspapers to take to recycle at the end of each month. throw away Never just throw away a plastic bottle. Recycle it! use up Hopefully, well not use up all our resources before we start solving this problem together.

Nestles Operations Management - 6329 Words

NESTLE A Project on Operations Management An understanding of current production systems, the quality aspects and supply chain management of Nestle 2012 Group-5 : SANTOSH KUMAR GUPTA, JAISON JOSEPH, NANJAPPA P.B., TANUJ GOYAL, MAITREE MISHRA, ANAND S. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT ROHTAK 3/17/2012 Contents Executive Summary 3 Nestlà © 4 Brief Overview 4 History 4 Main Brands 4 Nestlà ©s Popularly Positioned Products (PPP) strategy 5 Global context 5 Key facts on Popularly Positioned Products Strategy 5 Nutrition 5 Distribution 5 Operations of Nestle 6 Milk reception and quality checks 7 Separation 7 Milk separator 8 Clarification 8 Standardization 8 Bactofugation 8 Homogenization 9 Pasteurization 9 Evaporation 9†¦show more content†¦The company is acknowledged amongst India’s ‘Most Respected Companies’ and amongst the ‘Top Wealth Creators of India’. History Nestlà © began in Switzerland in the mid 1860s when founder Henri Nestlà © created one of the first baby formulas. Henri realized the need for a healthy and economical product to serve as an alternative for mothers who could not breastfeed their babies. Mothers who were unable to breastfeed often lost their infants to malnutrition. Henri’s product was a carefully formulated mixture of cow’s milk, flour and sugar. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s first product was called Farine Lactà ©e (â€Å"cornflour gruel† in French) Henri Nestlà ©. The product was first used on a premature baby who could not tolerate his mother’s milk or other alternative products of that time. Doctors gave up on treating the infant. Miraculously the baby tolerated Henri’s new formula and it provided the nourishment that saved his life. Within a few years the first Nestlà © product was marketed in Europe. Main Brands Nestlà © expands across many different markets including beverages, ice cream, baby foods/formulas, soups, frozen foods, snacks, pet care and of course candy. Some of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s main global brands include: * Kit Kat, Butterfinger, Smarties, Crunch, Quality Street, Milkybar/Galak, Tollhouse * Nestea, Nescafà ©, Taster’s Choice, Nesquick, Carnation,Show MoreRelatedOperation Management2751 Words   |  12 PagesTABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.1. DEFINITION OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT 3 1.2. THE ROLE OF OPERATION MANAGER 3 1.3. RELATIONSHIP OF OPERATION MANAGEMENT WITH OTHER CORE FUNCTIONS 3 2. CASE STUDIES 3 2.1. HEATHROW INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT 3 2.2. NESTLÉ UK CHOCOLATE FACTORY 3 3. MAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS OF THE STUDY 3 4. CONCLUSIONS 3 REFERENCES 3 1. Operation Management For the success of an organization, the management crew plays a major role. An organizational structure is based on differentRead MoreNestle’s Sustainable Growth in Mature Market1512 Words   |  7 PagesNestle’s sustainable growth in mature market The company establishment Nestle was first founded by Henri Neslte in the 1860s by developing and producing food products for babies who could not adapt mother’s milk. Following the success in baby food products, Henri incorporated with an Anglo-Swiss condensed milk company to develop dairy products, especially for government supply in World War I. High sensitive and quick responding to the demand of consumer, Nestle continued to create and develop newRead MoreNestle, A Swiss Company Essay949 Words   |  4 Pagesshares capital of the Alimentana S.A. Company in exchange for fifteen Nestlà © shares and fifteen Unilac shares for each of Alimentana S.A. share, so this point the name was at Nestlà © Alimentana S.A. It became Nestlà © SA in 1977 (Mergent Online). Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s continues to be successful, operating in over 80 countries for over a 150 year. They are the world’s largest food and Beverage Company. Nestlà © s main headquarters are in Vevey, Switzerland In Nestlà © s business strategy, they encourage productRead MoreEvaluating The Strategic Factors And Approaches Of Nestle Company1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthis assignment is to evaluate Nestle Company industry based on the case study and comprehend how the company develops strategic intent for their business organizations following the strategic factors and approaches. I will analyze the strategic management process as firm used to achieve strategic competitiveness. In order to strengthen this assignment about Nestle, there are several methods of gathering data has been conducted, such as Core Competencies analysis and BCG Matrix Analysis. By the endRead MoreNespresso Case Study Questions On Marketing1276 Words   |  6 Pageshad a large market share in the instant coffee business which made it easier to introduce the Nespresso system. One of the most important factors that aided in the decision was the overall growth of the â€Å"gourmet† coffee sector. 2. What role did Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s corporate culture play in the productization of Nespresso? Nestle corporate culture one where innovation is highly encouraged. The is pushed by their overall growth target of 4% which is nearly double the industry standard. â€Å"While changing demographicsRead MoreManagement, Organization, And Technology Challenges1201 Words   |  5 PagesQUESTION 3: What management, organization, and technology challenges did Nestlà © have to deal with to standardize its business processes and systems? With the standardization of its core business processes and systems, Nestlà © would have to effectively manage and deal with certain difficulties regarding the management, organization, as well as their own technologies. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s management alone faces several challenges to deal with. Some of the problems encountered by the management are the inconsistenciesRead More Values-Based Leadership1409 Words   |  6 Pagesfor achievement and growth by acting as a coach or mentor and ensuring minimal conflicts between employees which may hinder performance. (Homrig, 2001). This leadership is clearly seen in operation in the following companies: Nestle The company’s management and leadership principles state that â€Å"people are Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s most important asset.† The Nestle chief executive officer Peter Brabeck- Letmathe says that all this is embodied in the talents that the company nurtures. He says that We want to makeRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Nestle1302 Words   |  6 Pagesdrinks, food service, healthcare and nutrition, ice cream and pet care. Its stable of brands includes some of the best-known names in the industry, such as Stouffer’s, Dreyer’s, Hà ¤agen-Daz, Purina, Aero, Butterfinger, Gerber, Maggi and Perrier. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s fundamental purpose is to meet the needs of its customers and consumers for quality food products that offer value for money. It’s recognized globally as an environmental and socially responsible company with a mission of creating shared value throughRead MoreRecruting Human Resources: The Case of Nestlà © Company Essays750 Words   |  3 PagesEm ployees are granted with health and wellness style, therefore safety holds a big part of its care for employees. (Your career at Nestlà ©, n.d., â€Å"Your work life† section, para 1-6) Currently, many job positions offered by the company are concerning Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s coffee production and merchandises. One of the latest job offers posted, concerns work for the coffee brand Nespresso as Coffee Innovation Manager. The fulfillment of the job is to design and propose coffee innovation strategy for all Nespresso systemsRead MoreMarketing and Nestle Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pagesmillion), Germany (36 million), Brazil (25 million) and France (31 million), has escalated rapidly. (Ferrell, Thorne, Ferrell, 2012). The increasing number of Internet users warrant firms’ closer attention to and effective management of paracrises. In particular, Nestle’s case in 2010 exemplifies the need to respond pro-actively to social media attack initiated by Greenpeace rather than by not acknowledging the challenge or fighting back against the challenge. If not properly and timely addressed

The Importance Of Drug Testing - 765 Words

The bell rings for fourth period to end and Jack is not planning on going to 5th period, he is skipping class so he can do drugs with his friends. After, he goes through the rest of the day normally, he has been doing drugs for 3 years now. Since eighth grade. Imagine if his school had drug tests. He would be trying his best to quit so he doesn’t get found out. There are many reasons drug tests are helpful for student athletes. Drug tests for student athletes are effective because they keep students safe, they improve students behavior and they are supported by the fourth Amendment. Schools use drug tests to keep students safe. â€Å"We love and we do not want to lose you† (Guilty until†¦). The schools that use drug tests are trying to keep†¦show more content†¦One example of this is â€Å"If kids have nothing to hide they won’t have any problem taking a test†¦ The kids who protest may be the ones who need to be tested the most† (Put to. ..). This represents a change in behavior because if the students will not test there is a chance they do not want to be tested because they have been taking drugs and they will act strange when they are being talked to. Another example is â€Å"random drug tests discourage students from using illegal substances†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Put them...). This represents a change is the students behavior because random drug tests will change their behavior to doing drugs in school because they will get caught by the urine test. One last example of drug tests changing students behaviors of students is â€Å"...10 percent drop in drug use over the past year† (Guilty until...). This represents a behavior change because when schools introduced drug tests 10 percent of adolescents stopped using drugs because they would be scared of getting caught. Some others believe however that drug tests are bad for students behaviors because they will be rude to all their teachers because they are worried ab out the drug tests. But that can be good because then teachers will have an idea of who is doing drugs and they can try to test them further Finally the fourth Amendment supports drug testing. â€Å"Of particular concern is the the rise in use of anabolic steroids, tranquilizers, and barbiturates†¦ non-medically†(PIAC). There are many drugs being used toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Drug Testing In Schools1384 Words   |  6 PagesWhy should we drug test students in schools? Some seem to think drug tests could have a negative effect on students and their relationship with their community amongst their school, while others think drug tests should definitely find their way into the school system. Really, drug tests should be implemented into all school systems. Schools aren’t looking to punish students for going on the wrong track, rather they aspire to lead them back onto the correct way. The age of students in high schoolsRead MoreEmployee Drug Testing: Fair and Effective Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesdollars are spent to pay for the unnecessary expenses caused by drug-impaired employees. Workers whose performances are negatively altered by drug use contribute to losses in business productivity and assist in lowering workplace safety. On average, according to the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA), $100 billion is lost per year due to accidents, decreases in productivity, and other related expenses caused by incompetent, drug abusing employees (â€Å"Coalitions†). However, through a thoughtfulRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesan animal on the line. While businesses have searched for other methods of testing, there is no more accurate way of testing toxicology than through a live host. Despite it not being the most ideal choice to everyone, there is no better or more safe option, and animal testing is an absolutely necessary step in testing pharmaceuticals until we can fi nd an equal replacement. Pharmaceutical businesses should continue testing their products on animals to ensure human safety, because the benefits of usingRead MoreDrug Abuse On The Workplace Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Abuse in the Workplace: The human resource topic I chose to write my research paper on is â€Å"Drug Abuse in the Workplace†. Drug abuse in the workplace is something very common that many of us will encounter at some point. Alcohol and drug abuse has a major effect on employee absence and lost productively that leaves a negative working environment. It is important a company addresses the right guidelines to keep a drug free workplace. Establishing a clear and fair substanceRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Animal Testing1502 Words   |  7 PagesIn recent studies scientist claim that animal testing is beneficial to the advancement of human knowledge, while animal rights’ activists claim that animal testing is not humane and violates animals’ rights. The controversy over animal testing is best understood as a disagreement about whether animal testing is beneficial to humans. Each year more than 100 million animals are killed in the U.S. Every country has a law that permits medical experimentation on animals. While some countries protectRead MorePros And Cons Of Animal Research1529 Words   |  7 Pagesin a similar position, confused about how to further research while protecting the rights of animals. I believe animal research for drug safety is a necessity and must be legal, but only if it can strengthen scientific research towards medicine, and possibly save human lives. 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Although, there are various types of organizations that are pro-animal care, such as, Animal Welfare information center, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare and, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or, PETA, all in which do their best to keep animal testing as humane as possible, there are alternatives for finding cures or testing the safety of certainRead MoreArgument Essay Random Drug Testing859 Words   |  4 PagesARGUMENT ESSAY RANDOM DRUG TESTING Drug abuse has always been a very delicate question as it always it deals with the health, well-being and even lives of human beings belonging to any country. Many people have argued that mandatory drug testing is a violation of their civil rights guaranteed by the Constitution. The Fourth Amendment grants you the right against unreasonable searches and seizures, otherwise known as a persons right to privacy. 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However, the real question lies in whether we deem it both necessary to medical advancements and ethically responsible, neither of which has been proven outright. The history of animal testing took off during the nineteenth century. Though experiments prior to this time

Corporations and Financial Markets Law

Question: Discuss about the Corporations and Financial Markets Law. Answer: Introduction This case of ASIC vs. Adler is one of the most unique cases and also it is very complicated. The facts of the case are that in the year 2000, a $ 10million loan was given to a company named Pacific Eagle Equity Proprietary Limited. This loan was given by HIH Casualty and General Insurance Limited. This abovementioned payment was neither documented nor was it secured. PEE was headed by a person named Adler. He was also the trustee of Australian Equities Unit Trust. He was a substantial shareholder of the HIH and also he was the non-executive director of the company named as the Adler Corporation Limited. Williams was the director and also the Chief Executive Officer of HIH. In the same company mentioned before, Fodera was the director and finance controller (PWC, 2008). After the receipt of the loan, PEE had become the trustee of the Australian Equities Unit Trust. This loan of $10 million was then applied to the subscription of the HIHC shares. These shares were applied for the $10 million worth of the AEUT units. The shares of HIH were bought by PEE and these were for the worth of around $3.8 million. These shares were brought on the stock market. The shares were then sold at a loss recorded for about $2 million. These were sold by PEE and purchased afterwards by it. The HIH shares were purchased by PEE and this was undertaken to defraud the people in the stock market that the company is holding good terms with the investors of the company HIH. Various shares pertaining to the unlisted index in the companies related to the technology and communication were bought by PEE. These shares were bought from Adler Corporation for $4 million. All of these investments were made at a total loss. Also payment amounting to around $2 million was given to Adler. This payment was made under the trust by the AEUT. These transactions that were being carried without the knowledge of the board as no prior approvals were taken from the board. The shareholders neither had any idea of the ongoing in the company nor were the disclosure made to the committee related to the HIHs investments. No proper documentation of the papers of the loan was undertaken or any security was given. These obligations were not fulfilled with the reason, that if fulfilled the circumstances of the company would catch everybodys attention and that is what they did not hope for (Dunford, 2005). The issue in the court was that whether Adler breached any of his duties being the director of the company and whether the provisions of the Corporations Act, 2001 were breached. The case was brought by ASIC against Adler, Williams and Fodera as they had also contravened various section of the Corporations Act, 2001. Duties/Responsibilities Breached And Why The Duties Were Breached. Under Section 180 of the Act, the duty of a director or an officer, that is associated with the company, to act with care and diligence has been mentioned (Black, 2015). This section states that the duties have to be discharged with a reasonable and standard care. Also the duty needs to be upheld diligently. Executive directors are those employees of the company that work as the full time employees. These people are engaged in the daily work activities of the company and carry various responsibilities that are special in nature. They also are very knowledgeable as they know about the daily operations that take place in a company. On the other side, the non-executive directors involve with the company on a regular basis and they do the part-time job. In the present case, the managing director of the two companies, HIH and HHIC have contravened this section as he did not fulfill his duties. He was supposed to ensure the fact that before giving any loan to PEE, he should have maintained proper safeguards. Another person named Fodera also was the finance director of the firm named HIH. He failed to take up his duties as he did not pay heed to the importance of discussion which was to be had in lieu of the loan that was to be given to PEE. No disclosure of the intention was made by either of them. Under section 180(2) of the Act the business judgment rule has been mentioned. This section states that the director or any officer who makes the rule mentioned above would not be held liable in case he has made that judgment in which all the elements could be easily depicted. He would not be liable for the judgment under any common law or duties under equity, that is, duties pertaining to care and diligence (Hooper, 2011) . There must not be any personal interest of the person making the judgment. Good faith is to be mandatorily established. The directors get a safe protection due to this rule and therefore they can be protected from any personal liability too (Langford, and Ramsay, 2017). However, any of the three directors cannot take the plea of this defense as no proper safeguards were undertaken and Ader had a personal interest in the subject matter of the transaction. Section 181 of the Act states regarding the statutory duty to act in good faith and also regards must be had to the exercise of powers for a purpose that is proper (Redmond, 2013). In the present case, Adler had also contravened the section 181 wherein he had used all the transactions of HHIC, HIH and also PEE for the purpose that was not proper. Section 182 was also violated as there was an improper use of the position in this case (Redmond, 2013). This section mentions that those officers and employees of the company who do not properly use their powers or use them to gain the advantage for their own sake should be restricted. The court held that Adler had also contravened this provision of the Act as the transaction that was undertaken that is the loan of $10 million was given to PEE, however, afterwards this loan was itself used by him for his personal interest. The interest pertained to the fact that this arrangement of loan was undertaken to acquire the shares of HIH on the stock market. This led to increase in the price of the shares and helped his company, Adler Corporation to dispose of the shares before PEE could. PEE had incurred great losses due to this and therefore it had to resell those shares at a low price. Section 183 was also violated under this case. Section 183 stated regarding the duty of the director, to not to use the confidential information which he gets by virtue of his position. This kind of information is known as the insider information and therefore it can be used by a person in order to be benefitted by it (Gibson and Brown, 2012, pp. 254 to 265) Ciritcal Analysis of the Judgment All the three, Adler, Fodera and William were penalized heavily and had to pay compensation. Alder and Williams were disqualified too however Fodera was not (Rogers, 2017). It was upheld in this case that the directors should uphold their duties while dealing during the course of the employment. Firstly, the interest should be fully disclosed by them (Law Handbook, 2017). Also they should abide by the structure of the corporation that is the way mechanism selected has to be reported. They should abide by the arms length principle. Also one more thing has to be ensured that is conflicts should be avoided to the maximum level. According to Section 9 of the corporations Act, 2000, a director of the company is the person who is appointed for that position (Companydirectors, 2016). People who are not appointed in a proper manner can also hold this position. The duties of the director are coherent with their duties towards the shareholders. Therefore, the protection is to be awarded to the shareholders from the risk of the directors. They should not be defrauded or their interests should not be used for directors personal interests. Also officers of a corporation are included under the definition of the directors. These refer to the various executives who hold the positions at a senior level. A director could be the person who makes such decisions that affect the company at a substantial level. In this case, the director of HIH, Adler was an officer of the wholly owned subsidiary and this could be related to the definition of directors given under the section 9 mentioned above. He was not appointed in a proper manner but did play the role of the director. He was the one who, had participated in the decision making which affected the stakeholders of the company. Also he was one of the members of the investment committee of the HIH. The directors had contravened the duties which have been laid down under the Section 180, 180(2), 181, 182 and 183. As mentioned above these duties, were not fulfilled by the directors and therefore they were liable. According to section 180, no due care and diligence was taken by the directors of the company. According to Section 180(2), in the present case, the court had stated that all of the three directors had breached their duty of care under this section (Pearcewebster, 2017). This rule could be of no defense as Adler could not satisfy the fact that they did not have a personal interest in the investment of around $10 million that was made to PEE by HIHC. Williams also could not be protected under this rule as he did not uphold proper safeguards before giving the loan and also he had material interest in the transaction and he did not present any evidence that the judgment taken by him was in good faith. Fodera, cannot hide behind the veil of business judgment rule as the tran saction pertaining to PEE was not mentioned by him to the board of HIH or the investment committee. It was not a business judgment as per this section (Legg and Jordan, 2014, pp. 407). Also, according to Section 182, Adler could be said to have misused his position as the director of the two companies for his own interest. Williams was no less in gaining utmost advantage from his position as a director and he breached his duties. He tried to fetch unjust enrichment from the companies named HIH and HIHC. Also the court found out that Adler as a director of PEE had misused his position. He acquired a number of unlisted capitals and these he had got at the rate of the cost price. He did not have to obtain any of the independent valuations of these and got it at a lesser rate from the Adler Corporation itself. Adler knew at that time that each of the businesses were in losses and would finally collapse. Still he tried to exclude himself and the corporation from these kinds of business operations, that were not commercially viable (Company Directors, 2004). Section 260A of the Corporations Act,2001 states about the financial assistance. This section states that if any of the companies gives any assistance, at a financial level, to a person who would buyback his own shares, then this would be held prejudicial to the interests of all the stakeholders of the company (Plessis, McConvill and Bagaric, 2005, pp..125) Hence this is restricted under this section. Adler, in the present case, had contravened this section. HIHC was prejudiced as financial assistance was provided to PEE and therefore due to this financial assistance, shares were acquired in HIH. The entry into the unit trust arrangement was made subsequently and the trust deed lacked any proper safeguards. Also, the arrangement that was made was contentious. HIHC acquired various rights under the transaction. However, these were deceptive as the rights were materially of a lesser value as against the advance of $10million that was made. This kind of arrangement was made knowingly so as to deceit the stakeholders of the company and therefore the transaction made were wholly one-sided (Cassidy, (eds.) 2006, pp. 133-134). Arms length exception was also used in this case. Section 208 of the Act states that whenever a company seeks to give financial benefit to a party that was related to it then, the approval of the shareholders is needed (Minterellison, 2011). However, the arms length principle is an exception to it. The terms of the $10 million payment were not made according to this principle and this therefore violated Section 208. The terms were not consonant with the principle as these were not at all adequate and therefore did not protect the interests of the company. Also no reports of the independent experts were taken into account. No proper mechanism or method was established by which it could be shown how the money was to be spent by the HIH. References Minterellison, 2011. Why A Policy On Related Party Transactions Makes Good Business Sense, [ONLINE] Available At: Http://Www.Minterellison.Com/Pub/NL/201109_Chqd/ [Accessed On 4 Jan 2017] Redmond, P. 2013. Corporations And Financial Markets Law, (6th Ed), Sydney: Thomson Reuters, P. 432. Black, S., 2015. The Responsibilities of Becoming A Director, [ONLINE] Available At: Http://Www.Codea.Com.Au/Publication/The-Responsibilities-Of-Becoming-A-Director/?Utm_Source=MondaqUtm_Medium=SyndicationUtm_Campaign=View-Original [Accessed On 4 Jan 2017] Company Directors, 2016. What Are The Duties Of Directors? [ONLINE] Available At: Http://Www.Companydirectors.Com.Au/Membership/The-Informed-Director/What-Are-The-General-Duties-Of-Directors [Accessed On 4 Jan 2017] Law Handbook, 2017. 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