Transportation Paper Essay Example for Free

Transportation Paper Essay Every time I go to watch a television I always heard a lot of news about traffic congestion or traffic accidents. Especially when I go to watch foreign channels, most of the time the news was about traffic incidents or super heavy traffic. But there’s a lot of difference about the transportation in the US to other countries. For example in the Philippines, it is common on their everyday lives to have the situation like this as they go out on their house they are expecting for a heavy traffic on their way. But in the US it is not common. I mean not all the time traffic is present in the US. There is only traffic if there’s a special event or sometimes because of the unpredictable accident happened in the road. Some places in the Philippines have always traffic not because of special events or unpredictable accident but because of the road itself. For example some roads in the Philippines were not well constructed and so it causes heavy traffic sometimes a great accident. While in the US road is not a problem, actually all roads are well-constructed, full cement and straight roads. So it can’t cause any harm to the travelers or to any cars as well. But still even though the roads in the US were like these, it seems accident still present and problem to Americans. It’s not only about the traffic congestion in the countries; there are still a lot of problems. Some of these were the form of transportation itself. One of the biggest factors of transportation is the number of cars in a given place. Another great factors are the following way, street or any kind of thoroughfares. A certain hi-way can accommodate a certain number of cars. For example there’s a hi-way that can accommodate only 300,000-400,000 cars a day. But every time there’s a special event people were full blast, for example if they want to have a vacation, an outing or any private family activities they prefer. And so with these matter roads can’t accommodate that number of cars and so traffic congestion occurs. In the US there’s no big problem compare to the Philippines. It is because roads in US were so big and wide that can accommodate a large number of cars there or maybe I can say almost half the numbers of cars there. Compare to the Philippines, roads can accommodate only a very limited number of cars a day and so traffic congestion occurs regularly. Another big factor in the transportation is the discipline of the cars drivers or owner. Those drivers and owner of a car in the US were as discipline as they could. You can see it on news or maybe in some newspapers. And we can observe this also on our everyday lives. You can see that if there’s problem or traffic congestion in US, you can observe that cars were on their proper line. They do obey roads and traffic rules or something like that. While in the Philippines if we will go to observe the process of their transportation, especially with this kind of problem. You will see that most of the drivers don’t have a discipline. If there’s traffic accident or traffic congestion, cars are not on their proper position or lines. Some are going this way some on that way. One thing is important for all the drivers and for some aspiring drivers in US or in the Philippines. Discipline is what I’m talking about. Discipline is the most important thing to have for all the drivers. After this is the skill you have in driving. Of course it’s still important. Discipline in driving won’t work without the ability to drive. Followed by of course honesty in following rules and regulations in the roads. Some road rules or traffic rules or something like that. Whatever it is, drivers need to obey this. Without all these solution we still can’t prevent traffic congestion or something like these.   Another thing for all the drivers in the Philippines don’t forget to be careful in your driving. One day I heard news about this problem about driving after being drunk. It causes a lot of problem on that given place. Not only for the driver himself but more to others. And so accident is more prone to that kind of place because drivers don’t took any care on their driving. In the same matter I don’t hear a lot of things or problem like this in the US. Well maybe I think maybe it’s because many people in the US were so busy and no time for some parties or something like this. But even with this situation in the US still be aware Americans not to happen this in the US. Well for your own sake and for others as well. Well to summarize all on this essay maybe we can now prevent traffic congestions on our own country. US, Philippines or what country are you. Of course first we need to be discipline. Also we need to be skillful in this kind of Profession-driving. We need to obey rules and regulations in the road. And of course we need to be honest in that matter. And lastly we need to be very careful in our driving. and in addition to this we need to be responsible in our action. Works Cited â€Å"Traffic Congestion.† National Service Training Program.1st ed. 2003

The Native American Essay Example for Free

The Native American Essay Native Americans are an indigenous people throughout the world, simply misunderstood and ill-treated for centuries (Scheafer, 2012). History tells us, Native Americans were subject to land theft, controlled by others, and resistance to governance. This discrimination goes back to Christopher Columbus. He and his followers showed true hatred toward the Indian Nation. Europeans moved to extermination or genocide trying to distinguish this culture of people. The United States joined in that mission as time moved forward. Indian land would be taken, the people would be made to conform to the law of the white man causing them to build a defense mechanism of avenging their losses. During the nineteenth century the white man government made policy to give fairness to the tribes. This may have worked if it did not interfere with the needs of the non-Indian people. The American government of the white man used the politics and social differences to interfere in the business of the Native American to govern the Indian culture and beliefs. It has taken centuries for the Native American to trust the policy makers because of broken treaties of the past. Native Americans today, live on Indian reservations in 33 states across the country. Just as in the beginning the American Indian is forced to live their lives in a way determined and controlled by the federal government. The Indian Removal Act developed by Andrew Jackson, was intended to remove Indians from their land to make way for cotton crops and other ways of prosperity. The Termination Act of 1953, like many policies the government had control of, was written to benefit the Native American people. Through this act, many social services were available to the American Indian. These services were a direct obligation to be fulfilled by the treaties, not just a special favor. The Termination Act was developed to gradually do away with these services, when the act passed, all services were cut off immediately. The Indian people worked collectively by creating a tribal or reservation government action to politically protest unfair legislation. The Native Americans fought this legislation by forming civil rights groups to take the issues to the Supreme Court in order to be treated fairly and just. The first national organization was organized in 1944 called the NCAI, National Congress of American Indians (Schaefer, 2012). This National organization is one of the most respected civil rights groups in our nation today. NAGPR Act of 1990, Native American Graves and Protection Act was developed to provide protection to the Native American gravesites and cultural issues. The American Indian worked to lobby the government to find a way to protect their sacred ceremonial ground, ancestral gravesites and artifacts. The government enacted this law in 1990. The American Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 was written to give the American Indian the right to believe, express, and exercise the traditions of their tribal spirituality. Peyote is part of the religious rituals used by the Indian Nation. From the 1920s through the 1980s Peyote was a prohibited hallucinogenic outlawed by the government. People were prosecuted for the use of peyote. In 1994 Native Americans won the right to possess, transport and use peyote for religious reasons by amending the American Indian Religious Freedom Act. It is hard to believe that despite the work of the past and present generations of the Naive Americans, they still struggle with economic development, employment levels, quality healthcare, and equal education. The needs of others seem to stand in the way of what is right and fair. References University of Phoenix. (2012). Racial and Ethnic Groups, Thirteenth Edition. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, ETH125 website. (n. d. ). Retrieved from https://cr. nps. gov/local-law/fhpl.

Homeopathic Medicine Aconitum Napellus for Anxiety Treatment

Homeopathic Medicine Aconitum Napellus for Anxiety Treatment Assessment of homeopathic medicine Aconitum napellus in the treatment of anxiety in an animal model Gabriele Baptista Haine, Samarah Hamidi El Ghandour, Sà ¢mia Ahmad El, Ghandour, Andersom and Ricardo Frà ©z Aim: To assess the action of homeopathically prepared Aconitum napellus in a 6CH, 12CH and 30CH potencies in the treatment of generalized anxiety in an experimental model using rats. Methodolgy: 48 adult Wistar rats (Rattus rattus) ranging from two to three months old were divided randomly into six groups. Each group received its corresponding treatment daily for 10 consecutive days: 1) control (diazepam 1 mg/kg/day); 2) negative control (0.15 mL saline solution/day); 3) ACH6 (0.15 mL Acon (6CH/day); 4) ACH12 (0.15 mL Acon 12CH/day); 5) ACH30 (0.15 mL Acon 30CH/day); and 6) ALC30 (0.15 mL 30% cereal alcohol/day). The same person at the same time each day administered respective treatments by a gastric tube. Behavioural effects were blindly and randomly assessed one hour after treatment on the 10th day. Animals were subjected only once to each pharmacological model; an elevated plus maze (EPM) and open field test. Elevated plus maze EPM is a commonly employed anxiety model because it is based on two conflicting tendencies: 1) the ability of rodents to explore new environments and 2) their aversion to high and open places. EPM is comprised of two closed arms perpendicular to two open arms. The closed arms are so named because they have a lateral and an end wall, whereas the open arms have no walls. Anxiety is measured by the total rate of exploration of open arms, thus, increase of the permanence time and number of entries in the open arms is considered an index of anxiolytic action of drugs. The animals were individually tested and conditions remained consistent. Each rat was filmed for five minutes and the data was recorded by software PlusMZ. Open field Rats are placed in a previously unknown sand square divided in smaller squares that allow assessing the exploratory activity of animals to observe their locomotor activity. Each rat was filmed for five minutes and the data was recorded by software OpenFLD. This test assessed the number of crossed squares. Results: Acon in potencies 12CH and 30CH exhibited possible anxiolytic effects on the central nervous system (CNS) since they increased the number of entries in the EPM open arms (12CH and 30CH) and the permanence time in the EPM open arms (30CH only). In the open field test the homeopathic preparations did not show effects on the locomotor system of rats. EPM results Treatment with Acon induced anxiolytic effect, but did not exhibit linear progression according to ascending potencies. The number of entries in the open arms increased with dilutions 12cH and 30cH compared to the control (Figure 1). The animals treated with dilution 12cH also exhibited higher permanence time in the open arms (Figure 2). Figure 1 – % entry in EMP open arms. Significant values: *p Figure 2 – % permanence time in EMP open arms. Significant values: *p A complementary parameter used to evaluate whether the response of the rats indicates anxiolytic effects of the investigated treatments is the number of entries in the closed arms . In this study, it exhibited significant difference in the groups treated with Acon 12CH and 30CH and the positive control diazepam (Figure 3). These results suggest that the anxiolytic effect did not interfere with the mobility of the animals in the EPM. Figure 3 – % entry in EMP closed arms. Significant values: *p Open field test results Treatment with Acon did not show any change of the locomotion of the rats compared with both saline solution and diazepam controls (Figure 4). Figure 4 – Number of squares crossed by animals in open field during five-minute observation Conclusion: Potencies 12CH and 30CH of Acon exhibited anxiolytic effects on the CNS in an animal experimental model without affecting motor coordination. Discussion: Anxiety is an emotional state comprising of psychological and physiological components. Measurable parameters that can be used to assess the treatment of anxiety is limited in rats because rats cannot communicate feelings of apprehensive anticipation, insecurity, fear or the flood of thoughts that accompany anxiety. Testing physiological components of anxiety such as increased arterial blood pressure, increased breathing rate and increased heart rate would also prove to be very challenging. It could also be argued that anxiety in rats cannot be compared to the complexities of human anxiety and that although the tests yielded positive results in rats it’s not enough to validate its application in human beings. However, being rats they cannot be subjected to bias treatment. Rats also behave in a similar way and their reactions and behavioural patterns are more predictable therefore yielding more consistent and reliable results. They are also able to be kept in highly controlled environments where they are unaffected by outside influences that could have an effect on their anxiety levels. EMP and open field tests are acceptable and valid pharmacological models used to measure anxiety in rats, therefore their application to homeopathy and the positive results yielded should contribute towards evidenced based medicine for homoeopathy. Article 2 Effect of Gelsemium 5CH and 15CH on anticipatory anxiety: a phase III, single-centre, randomized, placebo-controlled study Adeline Paris, Sophie Schmidlin, Sandrine Mouret, Enkelejda Hodaj, Philippe Marijnen, Naoual Boujedaini, Mircea Polosan, Jean-Luc Cracowski Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Gelsemium 5CH and 15CH on provoked anxiety in healthy volunteers, in comparison with placebo. Methodology: A double-blind, single-centre, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted. 180 eligible volunteers from both sexes aged 18 to 40 years with no history of psychiatric disorders were included in the study. Participants were distributed homogenously into 3 groups and randomly allocated to receive Gelsemium 5CH or 15CH or placebo. During the study participants took five doses of globules: a morning and an evening dose on the 2 days preceding the study and the last dose on the morning of the study. Performance of a Stroop colour word test (SCWT) was used to provoke anxiety. The main criterion used to quantify anxiety was the State measure of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). The STAI is a questionnaire widely used in clinical practice and clinical research; it consists of 2 parts of 20 questions each and takes about 15–20 minutes to complete. An anxiety visual analogical scale (VAS) was used as secondary outcome criterion. VAS is an auto- evaluation s cale composed of three sub-scores: self- confidence, cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. The Trait part of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) was also measured and performed a continuous recording of arterial pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. In the days preceding the study it was checked with the volunteers that they did not experience any stressful events. On the fifth morning before the main study visit participants were asked to complete the STAI-S, STAI-T, EEAC forms and VAS scale, whilst in the comfort of their own homes in calm surroundings. These measures were used as the baseline data. Results: There was no statistical difference between the groups for the values of STAI-S at baseline. No statistical difference was observed between the groups for the evaluation of the anxiety by VAS. Conclusion: Gelsemium 5CH and 15CH had no effect on anticipatory anxiety in the conditions used in this study, whatever the judgement criteria used. Discussion: There were many noticeable flaws in the study. Homeopathic principles for prescribing were completely ignored. There was a gross misunderstanding how homeopathy works; it seems homeopathy was applied with the expectation of a physiological effect. There was also a misunderstanding for the indication of the remedy. Gelsemium is indicated for anticipatory anxiety, the test was set up in a way that actually tested acute, provoked anxiety, whereas anxiety leading up to the test pertains more to the indication of the remedy. Participants who had no history of psychiatric disorders were included in the study; the study would’ve been better suited to individuals with a long history of anticipatory anxiety. The study should’ve been set up in a way where participants were told they were going to have to perform a test and anxiety levels leading up to that event should’ve been measured. I believe the potencies used, which act more on a physical plane, is also a noticeable flaw. Anticipatory anxiety is a mental condition with physiological components, higher potencies which have an action on the mental and physical plane should have been administered. More importantly inclusion into the study should have been set up to promote Similimum prescribing; a questionnaire that listed indications of the remedy should’ve been used to match participants for suitability. Because the study doesn’t follow homeopathy principles and there seems to be a general misunderstanding of how homeopathy works I don’t believe this article can contribute to evidence based medicine for homeopathy.

Of Mice and Men :: English Literature

Of Mice and Men The novel is about the American Dream, where America is meant to be a land built on promise and opportunity. It promises independence, land and a decent living through honest work. It also means, in theory, that anyone can become successful. The American Stock Market on Wall Street crashed catastrophically in 1929, this led to a massive economic depression in the 1930s.Poverty and starvation stalked California and other stricken states. The migrants were worst off. All of the suffering was much worse if you were black; America was still a highly racist and segregated society. The bunkhouse conditions were not very basic "what the hell kind of bed you giving us anyways. We don't want no pants rabbits." The ranch was obviously not nice. The boss is a bit aggressive and doesn't like George speaking for Lennie "then why don't you let him answer ?"He thinks George is getting something from lennie because migrant workers don't normally travel together''you takin' his pay away form him?" Curley the boss' son is a mean character , he dislikes Lennie from the beginning "well nex' time you answer when you are spoken to." Curley dislikes Lennie because he's not big himself. George's version of the American Dream is to own his own land "if I was bright , if I was even a little bit smart , I'd have my own place." George always knew the dream would fail " I think I knowed we'd never do her." George was possibly only possibly using the American Dream as an escape.The fact that he was fond of the American Dream is evident in the personification he refers to the American Dream as 'her'. Lennie's version of the American Dream is to have his own place ,dog, rabbits and chickens "we're gonna have a dog an' rabbits an chickens.'' Lennie and George have the same dream but approach it in a different way. Candy overhears George and Lennie's plans for a place of their own and decides to become a part of that dream " maybe if I give you guys my money ,you'll let me hoe in the garden even after I ain't no good at." This is probably the happiest and most optimistic bit of the whole book. You start to believe their dream is possible. You know it's a great idea and forget it's a dream , it seems to be changing into a practical plan. Crooks reminisces about his child hood when he could play with white kids " the white kids come to our place , an' sometimes I went to play with them and some of them was pretty nice.

The Greatest Day :: essays research papers

â€Å"Buzz† Aldrin, pilot of the Lunar module for the Apollo 11 space flight to the moon, coincided in his priest shortly before the launch of Apollo 11. Aldrin was scared that neither the Apollo 11 mission commander Neil Armstrong, nor the public would understand the social and philosophical ramifications of landing on the moon. Shortly after the Lunar Module landed at Tranquility base, on the surface of the moon on July 20, 1969, Aldrin asked NASA officials and everyone else who might be listening to take a minute of personal prayer and contemplate what man had just accomplished. Aldrin then preformed he ritual of communion in the Lunar Module. Of a Fire on the Moon, a book surrounding the events of the Apollo 11 journey to the moon, was written by Norman mailer during the historic Apollo 11 mission in 1969. Mailer was approached to write a book about the Space program shortly after he lost a highly publicized race for the Mayor of New York City. Mailer had little or no money, and was given one million-dollars to write the book. For Mailer the third week of July 1969 pointed toward an end†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦a curious depression full of fevers, forebodings, and a general sense that the century was done-it had ended in the summer of 1969. â€Å" 1. Mailer’s apocalyptic view of 1969 and the end of a century is a reoccurring theme behind Mailer’s look at the United States Space Program and the flight of Apollo 11. Mailer can only see the political goals of going to the moon, not the romanticism and spirituality that surrounded it. Mailer saw the flight of Apollo 11 as a gigantic, technological achievement, but Mailer believes the technology was developed for all the wrong reasons. 2 Throughout the first few chapter Of a Fire on the Moon, the reader becomes aware of Mailer’s stance on the United States Space Program, and Mailer’s own political and personal beliefs. Mailer was torn in his understanding of why man was attempting to travel to the moon: â€Å"Intended by divine will to travel across the heavens, we were now at the least on our way to the moon, and who could know if we were ahead or behind of some schedule the lord had presented us, a schedule which presumably each man and woman alive would keep in the depths of their unconscious along with everything else most vital for the preservation of life.

The Red Badge :: essays research papers

The Red Badge of Courage The Red Badge of Courage is now universally recognized as a masterpiece, although when it first appeared in book form in 1896 (two months later in England than in the United States) it provoked mixed reactions. The English critics, in fact, brought it to the attention of the American public, which had generally ignored it. Those early readers who approved saw in it a "true and complete picture of war," a book which "thrusts aside romantic machinery" in favor of dramatic action and photographic revelation. Its critics attacked it for what they considered its utter lack of literary form - its "absurd similes," "bad grammar," and "violent straining after effect." Edward Garnett, however, praised its "perfect mastery of form," and Conrad, who had known Crane, said in 1926 that The Red Badge of Courage was a "spontaneous piece of work which seems to spurt and flow like a tapped stream from the depths of the writer's being," and he found it "virile and full of gentle sympathy! " while it was happily marred by no "declamatory sentiments." Throughout the first four decades of the century the book was variously praised and condemned for its naturalism or "animalism," its realism and its extraordinary style. V. S. Pritchett, writing in 1946, may be said to represent the prevailing opinion when he declares that Crane's "verisimilitude," his grasp of "human feelings," and his "dramatic scenes and portraits" give The Red Badge of Courage a place in the literature of war. It is only in the forties that serious literary analysis of the book begins. It had of course long been recognized that novels such as Zola's La Debacle and Tolstoy's Sevastopol and War and Peace had had some influence on Crane, and that he had made use of Battles and Leaders of the Civil War (which had first appeared serially in the Century Magazine) as well as accounts of particular campaigns; his brother William, for one thing, was an expert on the strategy of the Battle of Chancellorsville, and there are many parallels with this battle to be found in The Red Badge. But scholars like Pratt, Webster, Osborn, and Stallman began to call attention to the possible role played by less significant factors, like Crane's personal acquaintance with General Van Petten, an instructor at Claverack College, who might have provided him with a first-hand account of the Battle of Antietam.

Art of Living Essay

I remember when I was young, I’ve been wondering why people are living? Why we exist? Why do all these stuffs are here on earth? There are lots of questions filled up my mind yet I found no answer. I can’t think enough for these, I need answers; I have to know what is really the reason of one’s existence. I am very much sure that in millions or billions of people who are living, it’s not only me who became curious on this matter. Many of us are wondering but only few have really the intention to know. Knowledge on self exists; but sincere seekers are rare. We people are used to the concept of ‘routine’ that we do daily activities systematically and so we better not bother ourselves asking and just do what we have to do. But in the end of the day, you’ll still ask who am I? We all know that life is subjected to four laws: birth, disease, old age and death but letting go, and paying attention to what is always present naturally allows this divine life to overtake your existence. Existence of something does not only ends with the point that it exists but to what purpose and position it stands for. We people came from the Superior Soul, our God who has given us the life. We have a superior therefore we are the inferior. We are dominated and controlled as our position here. And our natural function is to render loving service to God as we serve in this world. Somebody told me there are two kinds of world: the material world which is made up of matter and subjected to perish, a world where nothing is permanent; and secondly the spiritual world or the â€Å"Kingdom of God† where there’s no night or day and full of bliss. Now, we are already living in the first kind of world, the question is how can we be in the second world? And that’s simply by being conscious or aware, the things being portrayed by Sat-Chit-Ananda and doing our real purpose which is to follow him and his instructions. Being a Christian we are told of two major instructions. The first and foremost is â€Å"Love God with all your heart, mind and entire being† and the next is â€Å"Love your neighbors even your enemies† Loving your enemies is something near impossible but not doing it is what we call ‘false Christianity’. For us to follow Him and do His instructions there must be selflessness or God-consciousness within us, and  one of the best things that shows selflessness is something portrayed in art works. Some would say, art is a way of expressing oneself but it’s not mostly like that. We would be selfish not selfless if we will make an art just to express our views, yet an artwork would be something great if it would be a catalyst of peace and other environmental issues. An artwork is beautiful because of its purpose that must connive with the natural function of the artist as a man-to serve God. We don’t just live here, we exist for a purpose and that is the art of living.